Chapter 6 Flashcards
How many bones does the axial skeleton have?
80 bones
How many bones does the appendicular skeleton have?
126 bones
How many bones does the human body have?
206 bones
The axial skeleton contains bones of the
skull, thorax, and vertebral column
The appendicular skeleton contains bones of all the
limbs and griddles
The appendicular skeleton attach bones of all limbs and griddles that attach them to what
axial skeleton
What are the 5 primary functions of the skeletal system
- support
- store minerals and lipids
- produce blood cells
- protection
- leverage
Bones are classified by
shape and internal tissue organization
What bone:
thin with parallel surface.
ex: skull bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae
flat bones
What bone:
small, irregular bone
ex: found between flat bones of the skull
Sutural bones
What bone:
relatively long and thin
ex: arm, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes
long bones
what bone:
have complex shapes
ex: vertebrae, bones of pelvic, facial bones
Irregular bones
What bone:
small and flat
ex: develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands, feet
Seasmoid bones
What bone:
small and bony/thick
ex: bones of carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankles)
Short bones
Bone markings that are along bone surface, indicate locations of blood vessels or nerves
depression, grooves, or tunnels
Bone marking that are muscles, tendons, and ligament attachments. At articulations with other bones
Elevations or projections
Describe the structure of the long bone
Epiphysis, diaphysis, and metaphysis
Wide part at each end. Articulation with other bones (joints). Made mostly of spongy bone. Covered with articular cartilage
Epiphysis
The epiphysis is made mostly of what
spongy bone
The epiphysis is covered with?
articular cartilage
The shaft. A heavy wall made of compact bone. A central space called the medullary cavity.
diaphysis
What is the central space in the diaphysis called?
medullary cavity
What is in the medullary cavity?
red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow
involved in the red blood cell production
red bone marrow
what bone marrow:
adipose tissue, energy reserve
yellow bone marrow
Where the diaphysis and the epiphysis meet
Metaphysis
What bone:
Resembles a sandwich of spongy bone. Spongy bone is between 2 layers of compact bone
Flat bone
Bones have __________ blood supply
extensive
Enter the diaphysis through the nutrient foramen. And the femur has more than one pair
Nutrient artery and vein
Nutrient artery and vein enter through the
nutrient foramen
Supply the blood where bone growth occurs
Metaphyseal vessels
Periosteum also contains what?
lymphatic vessels and sensory nerves
Bone tissues is a _________ __________ tissue.
supportive connective
Bone tissue contains
specialized cells and matrix
_________ _______ despots are found in the matrix around the protein fibers
Calcium salt
What are the 4 types of bone cells
- Osteoprogenitor cells (osteogenic cells)
- Osteoblast
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Which bone cell:
Mescenhymal stem cells that divide to produce osteoblast. Located in thinner lining of periosteum, lining endosperm in medullary cavity, lining passageways containing blood vessels. assist in fracture repair
Osteoprogenitor (osteogenic cells)
Osteogenic cells turn into what?
Osteoblasts
What bone cell?
Immature cone cells that build/produce the matrix
Osteoblast
Osteoblast surrounded by bone become what?
Osteocytes
What bone cell:
Mature bone cells that maintain the matrix. Live in lacunae (pockets). Separated by layers (lamellae) of matrix. Interconnected by canaliculi. Do NOT divide
Osteocytes
Osteocytes do not _______
divide
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that ________ the matrix
maintain
What bone cell:
Remove and recycle bone matrix. Secrete acids and protein-digesting enzymes. Dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals. Derived from stem cells that produce macrophages.
Osteoclasts
Osteoclast ________ and _________ bone matrix.
remove, recycle
Osteoclasts dissolve bone matrix and release ______ _________.
stored minerals
Bone cells must maintain a balance between what
bone building by osteoblast and bone recycling by osteoclast