CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
Articulations of the Vertebral Column
1
Q
articulations between vertebral bodies
- classification: _____ joint
- bony surfaces
- -the _____ surface of the _____
- -the _____ surface of the _____
- -these bony surfaces are covered by a thin plate of _____
A
fibrocartilagenous inferior surajacent vertebral body superior infrajacent vertebral body hyaline cartilage
2
Q
intervertebral discs
- _____ discs separate and bind together the _____
- the discs account for _____ of the length of the vertebral column
- the superior most intervertebral disc is between the _____ and the _____; the inferior most lies between the _____ and the _____. there are _____ discs total
- the discs are named and numbered according to the vertebra _____ which they lie; thus, the fifth lumbar disc lies _____ the _____ lumbar vertebra
- the discs _____ in different regions
- -in the cervical and lumbar regions, the discs tend to be _____ than _____. this results in _____ curvature in these regions
- -in the thoracic region, the discs are about the _____ height measured _____ and _____
A
fibrocartilagenous vertebral bodies one quarter axis third cervical vertebra fifth lumbar vertebra sacrum 23 below below fifth differ higher anteriorly posteriorly secondary same anteriorly posteriorly
3
Q
- the intervertebral discs consist of two different parts
a. _____: - -forms the periphery of the disc and is composed of _____ in which the _____ component predominates
- -the collagen fibers are arranged primarily in _____, the fibers of each _____ running _____ to adjacent lamellae
- -the external fibers bend with the _____, whereas the internal fibers blend with the _____
- -the anulus fibrosis is thicker _____ than _____; thus, the nucleus pulposus is _____ located. this is presumably one of the factors responsible for the more common _____ of the nucleus pulposus _____ after damage to the anulus fibrosis
- -functions
1. _____ of _____
2. _____ stability
3. movement between two _____
a. although this movement is not great when viewed on the basis of two vertebrae moving in relation to each other, when viewed _____ summating the movements of many vertebrae, the _____ becomes _____
4. retention of the _____
A
anulus fibrosis fibrocartilage collagen fiber concentric rings lamella obliquely longitudinal ligaments nucleus pulposus anteriorly posteriorly eccentrically protrusion posteriorly binding together vertebral bodies joint adjacent vertebrae collectively degree of movement considerable nucleus pulposus
4
Q
the intervertebral discs consist of two parts:
_____:
-forms the center of the intervertebral disc
-it has been estimated that a typical nucleus pulposus consists of about _____. the exact percentage of water varies with age being _____ in a fetus (_____) and _____ in late adult life (_____). thus the disc normally undergoes _____ over the years, accounting for people becoming _____ in later life
-the high water content disproves the belief that the disc is _____. because water cannot be compressed, the nucleus pulposus is incompressable. any compression on the disc will therefore _____ it, with a consequent _____ of the _____
A
nucleus pulposus 80% water higher 88% lower 70% dehydration shorter compressible flatten peripheral bulging anulus fibrosus
5
Q
ligaments of the vertebral column (name the 5)
-both the articulations between _____ and those between _____ are supported by ligaments
A
anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament ligamentum flavum supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament vertebral bodies articular processes
6
Q
anterior longitudinal ligament
- a broad, thick ligament courses along the _____ and _____ surfaces of the _____ from the _____ part of the _____ bone to the _____
- it fuses with the _____ of _____ and the _____ of the _____ part of the _____
- it tends to resist _____, as the body weight attempts to increase the _____ curvature in the _____ region
A
anterior anterior lateral vertebral column basilar part occipital sacrum periosteum vertebral bodies outer lamella anterior anulus fibrosus extension secondary lumbar
7
Q
posterior longitudinal ligament
- a ligament that lies on the _____ surfaces of the _____ and _____. it has a distinctive repeating _____ shape. it _____ when passing over the vertebral bodies, where it is _____ attached, and _____ when passing over the intervertebral discs. this widening is a result of its fibers fusing with the outer fibers of the intervertebral discs
- it lies within the vertebral canal _____ to the _____ and meninges
- it extends from the _____ of the _____ down to the _____
- its _____ end is directly continuous with the _____
- it tends to resist _____, as the body weight tends to _____ the _____ curvature in the _____ region
A
posterior vertebral bodies intervertebral discs hourglass narrows loosely widens anterior spinal cord body axis sacrum upper membrana tectoria flexion increase primary thoracic
8
Q
ligamentum flavum
- this is also known as the _____ ligament because of its many _____ (that are yellow when not fixed)
- extends from the _____ to the _____
- they thicken going from _____ to _____ to _____ regions
- in _____, they stretch slowly so that movement is not stopped _____ and then aid in the _____ to _____. they do not fold upon themselves, thereby putting pressure on the _____
A
yellow elastic fibers lamina above lamina below cervical thoracic lumbar flexion suddenly return extension spinal cord
9
Q
supraspinous ligament
- a strong ligament that interconnects the _____ from _____ down to the _____
- the _____ courses along each side
- supraspinous ligament above _____ in the neck are called _____
A
spinous processes axis sacrum interspinalis muscles CV7 ligamentum nuchae
10
Q
interspinous ligament
- a _____ membrane that fills the intervals from _____ to _____ and from the _____ to the _____ superficially
- they are poorly developed in the _____ region
A
thin spine spine deep ligamentum flavum supraspinal ligaments cervical
