CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
Bones of the Skull
1
Q
functions of the skull A. \_\_\_\_\_ for the \_\_\_\_\_ B. \_\_\_\_\_ to house \_\_\_\_\_ C. openings for \_\_\_\_\_ D. \_\_\_\_\_
A
protective cavity brain cavities sensory organs air and food passage mastication
2
Q
skull bones
- the skull has _____ bones, both _____ and _____, that are grouped into the _____ bones and the _____ bones
- most of the bones are joined at _____ called _____; the exception is the _____ (_____ bone), which presents a _____ (moveable) joint
A
22 paired unpaired cranial facial immovable joints sutures mandible jaw synovial
3
Q
cranial bones
A. cranial bones are, specifically, the _____ bones that _____ and _____ the _____. the superior portion of the cranium is also referred to as the _____
B. occipital
-from latin occipitum = the back of the head and occipio = begin or commence
–at birth, the occipital portion of the skull is “born” first
- the occipital is a _____ bone at the _____ aspect of the cranium
- the _____ is a large foramen at the _____ of the skull near the _____ of the _____ through which the _____ enters the cranium
- structures on the occipital bone
- -the _____ (_____) is large, prominent eminence on the _____ of the occipital bone
- -the _____ is a curved ridge extending _____ from the _____
- -the _____ is a curved ridge that parallels the _____ and extends _____ from the occiput
- -the _____ are prominent oval projections at the _____ of the _____ that articulate with the _____
- -the _____ of the occipital bone lies _____ to the _____ and articulates with the _____ bone. its superior surface is called the _____
A
eight encase protect brain calvaria flat posterior inferior foramen magnum base anterior aspect occipital bone spinal cord external occipital protuberance (occiput) posterior midline superior nuchal line laterally occiput inferior nuchal line superior nuchal line laterally occipital condyles anterolateral aspects foramen magnum first cervical vertebrae basilar part anterior foramen magnum sphenoid clivus
4
Q
parietal (_____ bones)
- from latin parietalis = pertaining to walls
- -the parietal bones from a large part of the _____ of the _____
-the _____ parietal bones are located at the _____ and _____ aspect of the cranium
A
2 walls skull two lateral superior
5
Q
frontal (_____ bone)
- from latin frons = a brow or a forehead
- -the frontal bone is the bone of the _____
-the frontal bone is located at the _____ and _____ aspect of the cranium _____ to the _____ bones. it also forms the _____ of the _____ (_____)
- structures on the frontal bone
- -the _____ is that part of the frontal bone that forms the _____ of the orbit
- -the _____ or _____, a small notch or hole respectively, is found at the _____ of the _____ margin
- -the _____ forms the forehead
- -the _____ is a space that lies between the _____ and _____ parts of the frontal bone
A
1 forehead anterior superior anterior roof orbits eye sockets supraorbital margin superior border supraorbital notch foramen medial third supraorbital squamous part frontal sinus orbital squamous
6
Q
temporal (_____ bones)
- from latin tempus = time
- -the temporal bones are so named because the hair of this region turns gray first, releasing the effects of age and time
- the temporal bones lie at the _____ aspect of the cranium _____ to the _____ bones
- this is the _____ cranial bone
- structures on the temporal bone
- -the _____ is a thin, _____ (from latin squama = scale) _____ expansion of the temporal bone forming part of the _____ cranial wall
- -the long, thin _____ extends _____ from the _____ aspect of the _____ part to articulate with the _____ bone
- –the arch formed by these two bones is called the _____
- –from greek zygoma = a yoke or bar connecting two parts
- -the _____ is the oval depression for articulation with the _____, specifically the _____ of the mandible
- –this is the location of the _____ joint
- -_____: from greek mastos = a breast and oeides = shape
- –thus, mastoid process is the _____ projection extending _____ from the _____ aspect of the _____ part
- -the _____ is a large canal _____ to the _____ that opens into the _____
- -the _____ is a long, slender _____-like process _____ to the _____ that extends _____
- -the _____ of the temporal bone is a hard (like a rock) _____-shaped portion between the _____ and the _____ bones that houses the _____ and _____.
- –from latin petrosus = rocky, stony
A
2 lateral inferior parietal weakest squamous part scale superior lateral zygomatic process anteriorly anteroinferior squamous zygomatic zygomatic arch mandibular fossa mandible condyloid process temporomandibular mastoid process breast-shaped inferiorly posterior mastoid external auditory meatus posterior mandibular fossa ear styloid process pencil anteromedial external auditory meatus inferiorly petrous portion wedge occipital sphenoid middle inner ear
7
Q
sphenoid (_____ bone)
- from greek sphen = a wedge and oeides = shape
- -the sphenoid is named so because it is located, or wedged, between the _____ and _____ bones
-the sphenoid bone forms the the _____ of the cranium _____ to the _____ and _____ bones; it also forms part of the _____ and _____ walls of the orbit
- structures on the sphenoid bone
- -the body is the _____ portion of the sphenoid in the _____ of the _____ of the cranium _____ to the _____ bone
- –it is hallowed out to form two _____
- -_____:
- –from latin sella turcica = Turkish saddle, a saddle with a high back
- –it is a deep _____ on the _____ aspect of the body. its _____ border is formed by the _____
- –it contains _____, which houses the pituitary gland
–the _____ are two broad _____ extensions from the body. the greater wing contains the openings including the _____ and _____. it also contains the _____ through which the _____ will pass
–the _____ are thin, _____ projections that extend into the _____ wall of the orbit and form the _____ aspect of the _____ of the body
- -the _____ extends inferiorly from the junction of the _____ and the body
- –it consists of a _____ and a _____, which are separated _____ by an oval fossa, the _____
- –the medial pterygoid plate lies _____ to the _____
A
1 cranial facial base anterior temporal occipital floor lateral cubical midline base anterior occipital sphenoid air sinuses sella turcica depression superior posterior dorsum sallae hypophyseal fossa greater wings lateral foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum middle meningeal artery lesser wings triangular posterior anterior superior surface pterygoid process greater wing medial lateral pterygoid plate posteriorly pterygoid fossa lateral choanae
8
Q
ethmoid (_____ bone)
- from greek ethmos = a sieve and oeides = shape
- the ethmoid is a _____ bone at the _____ base of the cranium between the two _____
- structures:
- -the _____ (_____ plate) forms the _____ aspect of the cranium and has numerous foramina for the passage of _____
- –it surrounds the base of the vertical _____
–the thin _____ is perpendicular to and extends _____ from the _____ to form the _____ aspect of the _____
- -the _____ consists of lateral aspects of the _____ made of large air cells (_____)
- –it forms part of the _____
–the _____ (_____) is the free, convoluted _____ margin of the medial plate of the _____
–the _____ (_____) is the part of the lateral mass _____ to the middle nasal concha. this is difficult to see from an anterior view of the skull
A
1 sievelike anterior orbits cribriform plate horizontal anterior nerve fibers crista galli perpendicular plate inferiorly cribriform plate superior nasal septum lateral mass ethmoid ethmoid sinuses orbit middle nasal concha (turbinate) inferior lateral mass superior nasal concha (turbinate) superior
9
Q
facial bones
-_____ bones make up the skeleton of the face
A
14
10
Q
maxilla (_____ bones)
-from latin maxilla = jaw bone
the maxilla forms the _____ jaw
- structures
- -the body, _____ in shape, contains a large _____, the _____
- -the _____ is the arch on the _____ border of the maxilla; it bears cavities into which the _____ of the _____ are set
- -the horizontal _____ extends _____ to articulate with the _____ maxilla, forming the _____
- -the large _____ is found on the _____ surface of the body _____ to the _____
A
2 upper pyramidal air sinus maxillary sinus alveolar process inferior teeth upper jaw palatine process medially contralateral hard palate infraorbital foramen anterior inferior infraorbital margin
11
Q
mandible (_____ bone)
- from latin mando = chew
- -the name refers to the function of the mandible
- the mandible forms the _____ jaw bone
- it is a _____-shaped bone consisting of a horizontal _____ and paired _____ (singular _____), which are _____ to the body
- -the rami project _____ from the _____ aspect of the _____
- structures
- -the _____ is the arch on the _____ border of the body into which the _____ of the _____ jaw are set
- the _____ on the lateral aspect of the body is _____ to the second _____
- -the _____ is formed by the intersection of the _____ and the body
- -the posterior _____ (_____) on the _____ border of the ramus articulates with the _____ of the temporal bone
- -the _____ is the constricted area of the _____ inferior to the _____
- -the anterior _____ is found on the _____ border of the ramus
- -the _____ is the large central foramen on the _____ surface of the ramus
A
1 lower horseshoe body rami ramus perpendicular superiorly posterior body alveolar process superior teeth lower mental foramen inferior premolar tooth angle ramus condyloid process (head) superior mandibular fossa neck ramus head coronoid process superior mandibular foramen medial
12
Q
zygomatic (_____) (_____ bones)
- from greek zygoma = a yoke or bar connecting two parts
- -the zygomatic bones help form the _____ that connects the zygomatic and _____ bones
- these irregular bones also form part of the _____ wall and _____ of the _____
A
cheek bone 2 zygomatic arch temporal lateral floor orbit
13
Q
nasal (_____ bones)
- from latin nasus = nose
- the nasal bones help form the _____
- the _____ small bones form the _____ aspect of the nose (the so-called _____) _____ to the _____ bone
A
2 nose two anterior superior bridge inferior frontal
14
Q
lacrimal (_____ bones)
- from latin lacrimal = a tear
- -the lacrimal bones are near the _____
- these small, _____, _____ bones form the _____ portion of the _____ wall of the _____
A
2 tear ducts thin irregular anterior medial orbit
15
Q
inferior nasal conchae (turbinate) (_____ bones)
- from latin nasus = nose and concha = a shell
- a concha is a small, curved, irregular, _____-like bone that extends _____ along the _____ superior to the _____
A
2 shell horizontally lateral nasal wall hard palate
