CHAPTER 51 Flashcards
1
Q
nerves of the upper limb
- the four primary nerves of the upper limb are:
- -_____
- -_____
- -_____
- -_____
A
musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
2
Q
musculocutaneous nerve
- the musculocutaneous nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ of the _____ is given off
- it typically pierces the _____ muscle
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, coursing between the _____ and _____ muscles
- the musculocutaneous nerve innervates 3 muscles in the arm:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____ - the nerve then emerges _____ to the tendon of the _____ muscle and becomes the _____ (_____)
- -the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve supplies the _____ of the _____
A
lateral cord lateral root median nerve coracobrachialis anterior compartment biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis lateral biceps brachii lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC) skin lateral forearm
3
Q
median nerve
- the median nerve originates from the _____ and the _____ of the _____
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, where it has _____ muscular or cutaneous innervation
- it travels through the _____ (a depression on anterior aspect of the elbow) where it is found _____ to the _____
- within the _____, it gives off a branch called the _____
- as the median nerve enters the forearm, it courses between the two heads of origin of the _____ muscle
A
lateral root medial root median nerve medial compartment no cubital fossa medial brachial artery cubital fossa anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) pronator teres
4
Q
median nerve cont.
- in the proximal forearm, it passes _____ to the _____ of the _____ muscle with the _____
- the nerve descends through the forearm, between the _____ and the _____ muscles
- the median nerve innervates 4 muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____ - proximal to the _____, the median nerve gives off a _____ that courses anterior to the _____ to cutaneously innervate the _____ of the _____
- it then courses through the _____ and enters the hand
- the nerve then divides into its terminal branches at the _____ of the flexor retinaculum:
- -direct branches of the median nerve provide muscular innervation to lumbricals _____ and _____
- -digital branches of the median nerve give cutaneous innervation to the _____ anteriorly and their tips _____
- -the _____ branch of the median nerve courses proximally into the _____ area supplying _____ thenar muscles
1. _____
2. _____ (_____)
3. _____
A
deep arch flexor digitorum superficialis ulnar artery flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis flexor retinaculum palmar branch flexor retinaculum skin lateral palm carpal canal distal border 1 2 lateral 3.5 digits posteriorly recurrent thenar 2.5 abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head) opponens pollicis
5
Q
anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
- the anterior interosseous nerve arises as a branch of median nerve within the _____
- it courses distally along the _____ surface of the _____ membrane
- the anterior interosseous nerve innervates 2.5 muscles in the _____:
1. _____ (_____)
2. _____
3. _____
A
cubital fossa anterior interosseous forearm flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half) flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
6
Q
ulnar nerve
- the ulnar nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ of the median nerve is given off
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, where it has _____ muscular or cutaneous innervation
- the nerve pierces the _____ of the _____ as it passes from the _____ to the _____ compartment of the arm
- it then courses posterior to the _____
- the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the two heads of origin of the _____ muscle
A
medial cord medial root medial compartment no posterior lamina medial intermuscular septum medial posterior medial epicondyle flexor carpi ulnaris
7
Q
ulnar nerve
- it courses through the forearm between the _____ and _____ muscles
- the ulnar nerve innervates 1.5 muscles in the forearm:
1. _____
2. _____ (_____) - it courses with the _____ in the _____ half of the forearm
- in the distal forearm, the ulnar nerve gives off a _____ that cutaneously innervates the _____ of the _____ and _____
- proximal to the _____, the ulnar nerve also gives off a _____ that courses _____ to the flexor retinaculum to cutaneously innervate the _____ of the _____
- in the wrist, the ulnar nerve is accompanied by the _____ as it enters the hand by passing _____ to the flexor retinaculum, outside the _____ and through the _____
- lateral to the _____ bone, the nerve divides into its 2 terminal branches:
1. _____ of the _____
2. _____ of the _____
A
flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus flexor carpi ulnatis flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) ulnar artery distal dorsal branch dorsum medial 1.5 digits hand flexor retinaculum palmar branch anterior skin medial palm ulnar artery anterior carpal canal guyons canal pisiform superficial branch ulnar nerve deep branch ulnar nerve
8
Q
superficial branch of the ulnar nerve
- the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve courses _____ to the _____ muscle
- the nerve innervates 1 muscle in the hand:
1. _____ - it divides into cutaneous _____ branches that supply the _____, _____
A
deep palmaris brevis palmaris brevis digital medial 1.5 digits anteriorly
9
Q
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
- the deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses between _____ _____ muscles
- it courses around the _____ of the _____ to pass _____ across the _____, just anterior to the _____ muscles
- the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates _____ muscles in the hand:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____ (_____)
6. _____ (_____)
7. _____
8. _____ (_____)
A
2 hypothenar hook hamate laterally palm interossei 14.5 abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis oppenens digiti minimi lumbricals 3 and 4 dorsal interossei (1-4) palmar interossei (1-4) abductor pollicis flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
10
Q
radial nerve
- the radial nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ is given off
- the nerve courses from _____ to _____ in the _____ of the _____ which is located in the _____ compartment of the arm
- it courses with the _____ artery
- the radial nerve innervates 1 muscle in the arm:
1. _____ - it pierces the _____ as it passes from the _____ to the _____ compartment of the arm
- the nerve passes through the _____ side of the _____
- the radial nerve innervates 3 muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____ - between the _____ and _____ muscles, the radial nerve divides into its 2 terminal branches:
1. _____ of the _____
2. _____ of the _____
A
posterior cord axillary nerve medial lateral radial groove humerus posterior profunda brachii triceps brachii lateral intermuscular septum posterior anterior lateral cubital fossa brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus anconeus brachilais brachioradialis superficial branch radial nerve deep branch radial nerve
11
Q
superficial branch of the radial nerve
- the superficial branch of the radial nerve courses _____ with the _____ artery, _____ to the _____ muscle
- in the wrist, the nerve passes _____ the tendons of the _____ and enters the hand to provide cutaneous innervation to the _____ on the _____ of the _____ of the _____, and the proximal portion of the _____, _____
- it has _____ muscular innervation
A
distally radial deep brachioradialis over anatomical snuffbox skin lateral half dorsal hand lateral 3.5 digits posteriorly no
12
Q
deep branch of the radial nerve
- the deep branch of the radial nerve innervates 1 muscle in the forearm
1. _____ - as the nerve innervates the _____ border of the _____ muscle, its name changes to _____ (_____)
A
extensor carpi radialis brevis superior supinator posterior interosseous nerve PIN
13
Q
posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
- the posterior interosseous nerve innervates _____ muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____
6. _____
7. _____
8. _____
-the posterior interosseous nerve does not enter the _____
A
8 extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis hand
14
Q
arteries of the upper limb
aorta
-the aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body
-this vessel initially ascends (_____) and then arches _____ and towards the _____ to form the _____
-the aortic arch gives off 3 named branches
–brachiocephalic trunk (_____ artery)
–the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into the:
—_____
—_____
–_____
–_____
–the majority of the branches off the subclavian arteries supply the _____. the common carotid arteries supply the _____ and _____
-the aortic arch terminates as the _____, which courses inferiorly through the _____ and _____
A
ascending aorta posteriorly left aortic arch innominate right common carotid artery right subclavian artery left common carotid artery left subclavian artery upper limbs head neck descending aorta thorax abdomen
15
Q
subclavian artery
- the right subclavian artery is a branch off the _____
- the left subclavian artery is a branch off the _____
- the subclavian artery ascends through the _____ and _____ towards the upper limb
- it gives off branches including:
1. _____
2. _____ (_____)
3. _____
4. _____
-at the _____ border of the _____, the subclavian artery terminates by becoming the _____ artery
A
brachiocephalic trunk aortic arch thorax neck vertebral artery internal mammary artery (internal thoracic artery) thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk lateral 1st rib axillary artery
