CHAPTER 51 Flashcards
1
Q
nerves of the upper limb
- the four primary nerves of the upper limb are:
- -_____
- -_____
- -_____
- -_____
A
musculocutaneous nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
2
Q
musculocutaneous nerve
- the musculocutaneous nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ of the _____ is given off
- it typically pierces the _____ muscle
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, coursing between the _____ and _____ muscles
- the musculocutaneous nerve innervates 3 muscles in the arm:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____ - the nerve then emerges _____ to the tendon of the _____ muscle and becomes the _____ (_____)
- -the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve supplies the _____ of the _____
A
lateral cord lateral root median nerve coracobrachialis anterior compartment biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis lateral biceps brachii lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC) skin lateral forearm
3
Q
median nerve
- the median nerve originates from the _____ and the _____ of the _____
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, where it has _____ muscular or cutaneous innervation
- it travels through the _____ (a depression on anterior aspect of the elbow) where it is found _____ to the _____
- within the _____, it gives off a branch called the _____
- as the median nerve enters the forearm, it courses between the two heads of origin of the _____ muscle
A
lateral root medial root median nerve medial compartment no cubital fossa medial brachial artery cubital fossa anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) pronator teres
4
Q
median nerve cont.
- in the proximal forearm, it passes _____ to the _____ of the _____ muscle with the _____
- the nerve descends through the forearm, between the _____ and the _____ muscles
- the median nerve innervates 4 muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____ - proximal to the _____, the median nerve gives off a _____ that courses anterior to the _____ to cutaneously innervate the _____ of the _____
- it then courses through the _____ and enters the hand
- the nerve then divides into its terminal branches at the _____ of the flexor retinaculum:
- -direct branches of the median nerve provide muscular innervation to lumbricals _____ and _____
- -digital branches of the median nerve give cutaneous innervation to the _____ anteriorly and their tips _____
- -the _____ branch of the median nerve courses proximally into the _____ area supplying _____ thenar muscles
1. _____
2. _____ (_____)
3. _____
A
deep arch flexor digitorum superficialis ulnar artery flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis flexor retinaculum palmar branch flexor retinaculum skin lateral palm carpal canal distal border 1 2 lateral 3.5 digits posteriorly recurrent thenar 2.5 abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head) opponens pollicis
5
Q
anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
- the anterior interosseous nerve arises as a branch of median nerve within the _____
- it courses distally along the _____ surface of the _____ membrane
- the anterior interosseous nerve innervates 2.5 muscles in the _____:
1. _____ (_____)
2. _____
3. _____
A
cubital fossa anterior interosseous forearm flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half) flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
6
Q
ulnar nerve
- the ulnar nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ of the median nerve is given off
- it descends through the _____ of the arm, where it has _____ muscular or cutaneous innervation
- the nerve pierces the _____ of the _____ as it passes from the _____ to the _____ compartment of the arm
- it then courses posterior to the _____
- the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the two heads of origin of the _____ muscle
A
medial cord medial root medial compartment no posterior lamina medial intermuscular septum medial posterior medial epicondyle flexor carpi ulnaris
7
Q
ulnar nerve
- it courses through the forearm between the _____ and _____ muscles
- the ulnar nerve innervates 1.5 muscles in the forearm:
1. _____
2. _____ (_____) - it courses with the _____ in the _____ half of the forearm
- in the distal forearm, the ulnar nerve gives off a _____ that cutaneously innervates the _____ of the _____ and _____
- proximal to the _____, the ulnar nerve also gives off a _____ that courses _____ to the flexor retinaculum to cutaneously innervate the _____ of the _____
- in the wrist, the ulnar nerve is accompanied by the _____ as it enters the hand by passing _____ to the flexor retinaculum, outside the _____ and through the _____
- lateral to the _____ bone, the nerve divides into its 2 terminal branches:
1. _____ of the _____
2. _____ of the _____
A
flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus flexor carpi ulnatis flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) ulnar artery distal dorsal branch dorsum medial 1.5 digits hand flexor retinaculum palmar branch anterior skin medial palm ulnar artery anterior carpal canal guyons canal pisiform superficial branch ulnar nerve deep branch ulnar nerve
8
Q
superficial branch of the ulnar nerve
- the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve courses _____ to the _____ muscle
- the nerve innervates 1 muscle in the hand:
1. _____ - it divides into cutaneous _____ branches that supply the _____, _____
A
deep palmaris brevis palmaris brevis digital medial 1.5 digits anteriorly
9
Q
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
- the deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses between _____ _____ muscles
- it courses around the _____ of the _____ to pass _____ across the _____, just anterior to the _____ muscles
- the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates _____ muscles in the hand:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____ (_____)
6. _____ (_____)
7. _____
8. _____ (_____)
A
2 hypothenar hook hamate laterally palm interossei 14.5 abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis oppenens digiti minimi lumbricals 3 and 4 dorsal interossei (1-4) palmar interossei (1-4) abductor pollicis flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
10
Q
radial nerve
- the radial nerve is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ is given off
- the nerve courses from _____ to _____ in the _____ of the _____ which is located in the _____ compartment of the arm
- it courses with the _____ artery
- the radial nerve innervates 1 muscle in the arm:
1. _____ - it pierces the _____ as it passes from the _____ to the _____ compartment of the arm
- the nerve passes through the _____ side of the _____
- the radial nerve innervates 3 muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____ - between the _____ and _____ muscles, the radial nerve divides into its 2 terminal branches:
1. _____ of the _____
2. _____ of the _____
A
posterior cord axillary nerve medial lateral radial groove humerus posterior profunda brachii triceps brachii lateral intermuscular septum posterior anterior lateral cubital fossa brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus anconeus brachilais brachioradialis superficial branch radial nerve deep branch radial nerve
11
Q
superficial branch of the radial nerve
- the superficial branch of the radial nerve courses _____ with the _____ artery, _____ to the _____ muscle
- in the wrist, the nerve passes _____ the tendons of the _____ and enters the hand to provide cutaneous innervation to the _____ on the _____ of the _____ of the _____, and the proximal portion of the _____, _____
- it has _____ muscular innervation
A
distally radial deep brachioradialis over anatomical snuffbox skin lateral half dorsal hand lateral 3.5 digits posteriorly no
12
Q
deep branch of the radial nerve
- the deep branch of the radial nerve innervates 1 muscle in the forearm
1. _____ - as the nerve innervates the _____ border of the _____ muscle, its name changes to _____ (_____)
A
extensor carpi radialis brevis superior supinator posterior interosseous nerve PIN
13
Q
posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
- the posterior interosseous nerve innervates _____ muscles in the forearm
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____
6. _____
7. _____
8. _____
-the posterior interosseous nerve does not enter the _____
A
8 extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis hand
14
Q
arteries of the upper limb
aorta
-the aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body
-this vessel initially ascends (_____) and then arches _____ and towards the _____ to form the _____
-the aortic arch gives off 3 named branches
–brachiocephalic trunk (_____ artery)
–the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into the:
—_____
—_____
–_____
–_____
–the majority of the branches off the subclavian arteries supply the _____. the common carotid arteries supply the _____ and _____
-the aortic arch terminates as the _____, which courses inferiorly through the _____ and _____
A
ascending aorta posteriorly left aortic arch innominate right common carotid artery right subclavian artery left common carotid artery left subclavian artery upper limbs head neck descending aorta thorax abdomen
15
Q
subclavian artery
- the right subclavian artery is a branch off the _____
- the left subclavian artery is a branch off the _____
- the subclavian artery ascends through the _____ and _____ towards the upper limb
- it gives off branches including:
1. _____
2. _____ (_____)
3. _____
4. _____
-at the _____ border of the _____, the subclavian artery terminates by becoming the _____ artery
A
brachiocephalic trunk aortic arch thorax neck vertebral artery internal mammary artery (internal thoracic artery) thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk lateral 1st rib axillary artery
16
Q
axillary artery
- the axillary artery begins at the _____ border of the _____ as a continuation of the _____ artery
- it courses _____ and _____ through the _____
- it is divided into 3 parts by the _____ muscle
- -the _____ part is between the _____ border of the first rib and the _____ border of _____ muscle
- -the _____ part is posterior to the _____ muscle
- -the _____ part is between the _____ border of the _____ muscle and the _____ border of the _____ muscle
- the _____ artery terminates at the _____ border of the _____ muscle by continuing as the _____
- branches of the axillary artery
- -the axillary artery has _____ named branches
- –_____ (_____) _____ artery
- –_____
- –_____
- –_____
- –_____
- –_____
A
lateral 1st rib subclavian laterally inferiorly axilla pectoralis minor 1st lateral superomedial pectoralis minor muscle 2nd pectoralis minor 3rd inferolateral pectoralis minor muscle inferior teres major brachial artery 6 highest (supreme) thoracic throacoacromial trunk lateral thoracic artery subscapular artery anterior circumflex humeral artery posterior circumflex humeral artery
17
Q
brachial artery
- the brachial artery is a continuation of the _____ distal to the _____ border of the _____ muscle
- it descends through the _____ compartment of the arm with the _____ and _____ nerves
- the brachial artery has 3 named branches in the arm:
1. _____ - -posterior to the _____, it courses with the _____
2. _____
3. _____ - the 3 named branches of the brachial artery supply muscles in the arm and provide collateral circulation to the _____ region
- after giving off its branches, the brachial artery courses _____ through the arm and enters the _____ where it lies _____ to the _____ nerve and _____ to the tendon of the _____ muscle
- within the _____, the brachial artery terminates by dividing into its 2 terminal branches:
1. _____
2. _____
A
axillary artery inferior teres major medial median ulnar humerus profunda brachii artery radial nerve superior ulnar collateral artery inferior ulnar collateral artery elbow distally cubital fossa lateral median medial biceps brachii cubital fossa radial artery ulnar artery
18
Q
radial artery
- the radial artery arises as a terminal branch of the _____ artery within the _____
- it courses distally in the forearm with the _____ branch of the _____ nerve, _____ to the _____ muscle
- it passes through the _____ and enters the _____ of the _____. the anatomical snuffbox is the depression located _____ to the thumb, on the _____ side of the hand
- the radial artery terminates by forming the _____.
- -the completion of the deep palmar arch on the _____ side is variable
- –if the arch is completed _____, it is usually completed by a branch of the _____ artery
- –the deep palmar arch gives off the _____
- —the _____ arteries of the deep palmar arch join the metacarpal arteries of the _____ to form the _____ on the _____ and _____ sides of each digit
A
brachial cubital fossa superficial radial deep brachioradialis anatomical snuffbox dorsum hand proximal posterolateral deep palmar arch medial medially ulnar metacarpal arteries metacarpal superficial palmar arch digital arteries medial lateral
19
Q
ulnar artery
- the ulnar artery arises arises as a terminal branch of the _____ artery within the _____
- in the proximal forearm, the ulnar artery gives off the _____ artery
- the ulnar artery then courses _____ to the _____ of the _____ muscle with the _____ nerve
- in the _____ half of the forearm, the ulnar artery courses with the _____, between the _____ and _____ muscles
- in the wrist, the ulnar artery is accompanied by the _____ nerve as it enters the hand by passing the _____ to the flexor retinaculum, outside the _____ and through the _____
- the ulnar artery terminates by forming the _____
- -the completion of the superficial palmar arch on the _____ side is variable
- –if the arch is completed laterally, it is usually completed by a branch of the _____ artery
- -the superficial palmar arch gives off the _____ arteries
- –the metacarpal arteries of the superficial palmar arch join the metacarpal arteries of the _____ to form the _____ on the _____ and _____ sides of each digit
A
brachial cubital fossa common interosseous deep arch flexor digitorum superficialis median distal ulnar nerve flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus ulnar anterior carpal canal guyons canal superficial palmar arch lateral radial metacarpal deep palmar arch digital arteries medial lateral
20
Q
common interosseous artery
- the common interosseous artery arises from the _____ artery in the _____ forearm
- it courses a _____ distance then divides into its 2 terminal branches in the forearm:
1. _____
2. _____
A
ulnar proximal short anterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous artery
