CHAPTER 31 Flashcards
Abdominal Wall
1
Q
definition
the abdomen is the portion of the trunk between the _____ and the _____
-it consists of an _____ and an _____ termed the abdominal cavity
–for purpose of description, the abdominal wall is subdivided into the following:
—_____ abdominal wall
—_____ abdominal wall
A
thorax pelvis outer wall inner cavity anterolateral posterior
2
Q
regions of the abdominal wall
- in examining and describing the abdomen, it is customary to relate pain, swelling, or the position of an _____ to one if its _____
- two methods are used to subdivide the regions of the abdominal wall. one method results in _____ regions, the other in _____ regions
1. the system that divides the abdomen into nine regions uses _____ and _____ planes of reference: - -the _____ is a horizontal plane halfway between the _____ of the _____ and the _____. it lies at the level of _____
- -the _____ is a horizontal plane through the _____ of the _____. it lies at the level of _____
- right and left _____ (_____) planes are located in the _____ of the _____
- the following nine regions are formed:
- -1: _____ (midgut referred pain)
- -2: _____ of _____, just inferior to _____ (foregut referred pain)
- -3: _____ (hypogastric) area above the _____ (hindgut referred pain)
- -4 and 5: right and left _____ related to _____
- -6 and 7: right and left _____ (lumbar) area
- -8 and 9: right and left _____
-the system that divides the abdomen into four regions uses the _____ for both the horizontal and vertical planes.
this results in _____ regions, called _____
A
organ regions nine four two horizontal two vertical transpyloric plane jugular notch sternum pubic symphysis LV1 transtubercular plane tubercles iliac crest LV5 mid-clavicular (lateral) midpoint clavicle umbilical epigastric area epigastric fossa infrasternal area pubic pubic symphysis hypochondriac areas costal cartilages lateral inguinal area umbilicus 4 quadrants
3
Q
upper right quadrant
name 5
A
liver gall bladder superior part of ascending colon right colic or hepatic flexure of the colon right half of the transverse colon
4
Q
upper left quadrant
name 6
A
stomach spleen pancreas left half of the transverse colon left colic or splenic fissure of the colon superior part of the descending colon
5
Q
lower right quadrant
name 3
A
inferior part of the ascending colon
cecum
vermiform appendix
6
Q
lower left quadrant
name 2
A
inferior part of the descending colon
sigmoid colon
7
Q
anterolateral abdominal wall the anterolateral abdominal wall is composed of the following: 1. \_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_
- skin
- -the skin of the abdomen is of _____ thickness as compared with other parts of the body
- -_____ lines are known as _____ are sometimes seen in the skin of the abdomen during _____
- -after parturition, these striae gradually change into thin, white, scarlike lines, the _____
- the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall exists in two layers:
- -_____ (_____)
- -_____ (_____)
-muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
name 4
- rectus sheath
- -the rectus sheath is a fibrous structure formed by the _____ of the following:
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____ - -anatomical lines are formed by the rectus sheath:
1. the _____ is a median furrow from the _____ to the _____. it consists of _____, _____ of interlacing fibers of the _____ of each side
2. the _____ is a curved line at the _____ border of the _____. it is formed where the aponeurosis of the _____ splits to form the layers of the rectus sheath
3. the _____ is a horizontal landmark change in the rectus sheath - peritoneum
- -lining the _____ wall of the abdomen is the _____
A
skin subcutaneous tissue muscles peritoneum average reddish striae gravidarum pregnancy lineae albicante superficial fatty layer (campers fascia) deep membranous layer (scarpas fascia) external oblique internal oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis aponeurosis external oblique internal oblique transverses abdominis linea alba xiphoid process pubis tough tendinous raphe aponeurosis linea semilunaris lateral rectus abdominis internal oblique arcuate line inner parietal peritoneum
8
Q
blood vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- the chief arteries of the abdominal wall are as follows:
1. two branches of the _____ or _____ (superiorly) - _____
- _____
2. two branches of the _____ (inferiorly) - _____
- _____
- two longitudinal channels are formed in the following manner:
- -the anastomoses of the _____ and _____ represent an anastomosis between _____ (via the _____) and _____
- -the anastomoses of _____ and _____ also represent an anastomosis between the _____ and the _____
A
internal thoracic artery internal mammary artery superior epigastric musculophrenic external iliac artery inferior epigastric deep circumflex iliac superior inferior epigastric subclavian internal mammary artery external iliac arteries musculophrenic deep circumflex iliac subclavian artery external iliac artery
9
Q
nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are segmentally innervated by the _____ and _____
- in addition to innervating these muscles, the nerves give off _____ and _____ to _____ of the _____
A
thoracoabdominal nerves subcostal nerve anterior cutaneous branches lateral cutaneous branches skin abdomen
10
Q
posterior abdominal wall
- muscles making up the posterior abdominal wall include the following:
1. _____
2. _____
-the abdominal aorta lies _____ on the _____
A
quadratus lumborum
psoas major
retroperitoneally
posterior abdominal wall
