CHAPTER 18 Flashcards
Pharynx
1
Q
general remarks
- the _____ is that part of the digestive and respiratory system located posteriorly to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx
- it is about _____ in length, extending from the base of the _____ inferiorly to the _____ below, which lies at _____; here, it becomes continuous with the _____
- its widest part is just below the _____, whereas its narrowest point is at its termination at the _____; thus it is _____ shaped.
- it has openings that allow it to be continuous with _____ cavities
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____
5. _____ - it is divisible into three parts:
1. _____- posterior to the nasal cavity
2. _____- posterior to the oral cavity
3. _____- behind the larynx
A
pharynx 12 cm skull cricoid cartilage CV6 esophagus skull esophagus funnel 7 two nasal cavities two tympanic cavities oral cavity larynx esophagus nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
2
Q
nasopharynx PART 1
- the nasopharynx is the portion of the pharynx _____ to the _____
- it is open to the nasal cavity at the _____, a bony aperture located at the junction of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx
- the _____ and _____ of the nasopharynx form a continuous sloping surface that lies under the body of the _____ and basilar part of the _____
- a mass of _____ is embedded in the mucous membrane here and it is termed the _____
- -these pharyngeal tonsils are also called _____, which when enlarged may cause respiratory obstruction
- the lateral wall of the nasopharynx is characterized by the _____, which is _____ posterior to the _____
1. the _____ (_____ or _____) is _____ long and connects the tympanic cavity of the _____ ear with the nasopharynx
2. its anterior medial two thirds, that part related to the pharynx, is composed of _____
3. its posterior lateral third, that part related to the _____ ear, is _____
4. the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube, because of its _____, usually remains _____ - -it opens during _____, _____, and when _____ differences exist between that of the _____ and the _____
- -when the tube opens, a small _____ can be heard
A
posterior conchae roof posterior wall sphenoid occipital bone lymphoid tissue pharyngeal tonsil adenoids pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube 1.5 cm inferior nasal conchae auditory tube (eustachian or pharyngotympanic tube) 3.5 middle elastic cartilage bony elastic tissue collapsed swallowing yawning pressure tympanic cavity atmospheric pressure click
3
Q
nasopharynx PART 2
- the medial end of the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube projects into the nasopharynx on the _____ just superior to the _____
- -this cartilage is referred to as the _____ (from latin torus = swelling)
- three mucous membrane folds extend from the torus tubarius:
1. the _____ extends from the taurus to the soft palate
2. the _____ extends from the torus to the lateral wall of the pharynx
3. the _____, between the other two folds, extends from the mouth of the tube to the soft palate - each of these folds of mucous membrane exists because of the presence of a _____ housed by the fold
- that portion of the nasopharynx posterior to the torus is termed the _____
1. _____ is sometimes found here (_____)
-the nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx via the _____ bound by the _____ anteriorly and the _____ posteriorly
A
lateral wall opening of the auditory tube torus tubarius salpingopalatine fold salpingopharyngeal fold torus levatorius muscle pharyngeal recess lymphoid tissue tubal tonsil pharyngeal isthmus soft palate wall of the pharynx
4
Q
oropharynx
- the oropharynx is that part of the pharynx posterior to the _____
- it is continuous with the oral cavity by the _____ with the following boundaries
1. superiorly- _____
2. inferiorly- _____
3. laterally- _____ - the _____ is a fold of mucous membrane extending from the palate to the side of the tongue
- -it contains the _____ muscle
- the _____ extends from the soft palate to the lateral side of the pharynx
- -it contains the _____ muscle
- between the two arches lies the _____, in which the _____ lies
- -each palatine tonsil is a collection of _____ under the mucous membrane of the oropharynx
A
oral cavity oropharyngeal isthmus soft palate tongue the pillars of the fauces anterior pillar of the fauces (palatoglossal arch) palatoglossus muscle posterior pillar of the fauces (palatopharyngeal arch) palatopharyngeus muscle tonsillar bed palatine tonsil lymphoid tissue
5
Q
laryngopharynx
- the laryngopharynx or _____ extends from the _____ border of the _____ to the _____, where it becomes continuous with the _____
- it lies _____ to the larynx
- on either side of the larynx lies a _____
- -during swallowing, a bolus of food is usually deviated _____ by the _____ into one or both food channels, the _____
- -the _____ and _____ course under the mucous membrane in each piriform recess
A
hypopharynx upper epiglottis cricoid cartilage esophagus posterior piriform recess laterally epiglottis piriform recesses internal laryngeal nerve superior laryngeal artery
6
Q
structures of the pharyngeal wall
- the wall of the larynx consists of several layers
1. _____
2. _____
3. _____
4. _____ - mucous membrane
- –the mucous membrane lining the internal surface of the pharynx is continuous with the mucous membrane lining the _____, _____, and _____
- -it is also continuous with the mucous membrane that is found in the _____
A
mucous membrane fibrous layer muscular layer fascial layer nasal cavity oral cavity larynx auditory tube
