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PAS- ANATOMY > CHAPTER 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 Flashcards

Vertebral Column

1
Q

the _____ is located in the posterior portion of the trunk

A

vertebral column

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2
Q

functions of the vertebral column (4)

A

posture
support of weight
protection for the spinal cord and spinal nerves
partial protection for thoracic and abdominal organs

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3
Q

bones of the back: the vertebral column

  1. moveable presacral vertebrae (_____ bones)
    a. _____ (_____ bones)
    b. _____ (_____ bones)
    c. _____ (_____ bones)
A

24
cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5

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4
Q

_____: _____ structures found between bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilagenous

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5
Q

what are the three types of bones of the back (the vertebral column)

A

moveable presacral vertebrae
sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)
coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)

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6
Q

total number of bones of the back (the vertebral column) before fusion

A

33

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7
Q

fetal curvature:

  1. in the fetus, the vertebral column exhibits _____ curvature, which is _____
  2. this curvature is referred to as _____
  3. this curvature is a result of differences in the _____ between the _____ and _____ aspects of the _____
A 
one
concave anteriorly 
primary curvature 
height 
anterior 
posterior 
vertebral bodies
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8
Q

adult curvature:

  1. in the adult, the vertebral column exhibits _____ curvatures. name them.
  2. the thoracic and sacral curvatures retain the _____ curvature. the _____ and _____ curvature exhibit a curvature that is not primary; rather, they have a curvature that is classified as a _____
  3. the secondary curvature is _____ due to difference in the _____ between the _____ and _____ aspects of the _____
A 
four
cervical 
thoracic 
lumbar
sacral
primary 
cervical
lumbar
secondary curvature 
concave posteriorly 
heights
anterior
posterior 
intervertebral discs
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9
Q

the large round mass of a vertebra; it forms the anterior aspect of the vertebra

A

body

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10
Q

posterior to the body lies the _____ of bone formed by two _____ and two _____

A

vertebral arch
pedicles
laminae

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11
Q

a bridge of bone extending from the posterior aspect of the body

A

pedicle

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12
Q

_____ : a flat plate of bone extending from the pedicle; the two _____ fuse with each other in the _____

A

lamina
laminae
median plane

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13
Q

_____ : the hole in the center of the vertebra that houses the _____

A

vertebral foramen

spinal cord

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14
Q

boundaries of the vertebral foramen

  1. anterior: _____
  2. posterior: _____
  3. lateral: _____
A

body
laminae
pedicles

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15
Q

is formed by the individual vertebral foramina when the 24 presacral vertebrae are articulated

A

vertebral canal

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16
Q

_____ : single process that projects posteriorly from each vertebral arch at the junction of the two _____

A

spinous process

laminae

17
Q

_____ : two processes that project laterally from the junction of a _____ and a _____

A

transverse processes
lamina
pedicle

18
Q

_____ : two processes that project superiorly to articulate with the inferior _____ of the _____ vertebra

A

superior articular processes
articular
suprajacent

19
Q

_____: two processes that project inferiorly to articulate with the superior _____ process of the _____ vertebra; lying between the superior and inferior articular processes is the _____ or _____ joint

A 
inferior articular processes
articular
infrajacent 
zygapopheseal
facet
20
Q

_____: are found on the superior and inferior surface of the pedicle; when two vertebrae articulate, the notches form a foramen called the _____, which transmits the _____

A

vertebral notches
intervertebral foramen
spinal nerve

21
Q

cervical vertebrae:

-a _____ is found in the transverse process of all cervical vertebrae. the _____ ascends through this foramen from _____

A

transverse foramen
vertebral artery
CV6-CV1

22
Q

the _____ divides into two smaller projections. this is found on _____ vertebrae _____

A

bifid spinous process
cervical
CV2-CV6

23
Q

the _____ are divided into two projections, the _____ and _____. bifid transverse processes are found on _____

A

bifid transverse processes
anterior
posterior tubercles
cervical vertebrae CV3-CV6

24
Q

_____:

  • from the greek atlao = I endure or sustain; to bear, carry
  • there is no _____; it is replaced by the _____ of _____
  • there are no _____ or _____. they are replaced by an arch of bone, the _____
  • the superior articular processes are _____ for articulation with the _____
A 
CV1- atlas
body
dens
CV2
laminae
spinous processes
posterior arch
concave
occipital condyles
25
Q

_____:

  • from latin word axis = an axle or pivot
  • a prominent superior projection, the _____ or _____, extends to the _____
A

CV2- axis
dens process
odontoid process
atlas

26
Q

_____:

  • it has the longest and most prominent _____ of all the cervical vertebrae, and it does not _____
  • -it is important in _____
  • the _____ is the only vessel coursing through its _____
A 
CV7- vertebra prominens 
spinous process
bifurcate
counting vertebrae
vertebral vein
transverse foramen
27
Q

thoracic vertebrae:

  • there are _____ on the transverse processes for articulation with the ribs (_____ thoracic vertebra, _____ pairs of _____)
  • there are no _____ in the transverse processes
  • articulation with the rib include the following:
  • -_____: the head of the rib articulates with the body of the vertebra
  • -_____: the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra
A 
transverse costal facets
12
12
foramina
costovertebral joint 
costotransverse joint
28
Q

lumbar vertebrae

  • there are no _____ in the transverse processes
  • there are no _____ on the transverse processes
  • the lumbar vertebrae are the _____ in size
    1. in general, the presacral vertebrae increase in size going _____ to _____
    2. this occurs because each successive vertebra must _____ all structures _____ to it
    3. after the weight has been transmitted to the _____ and the _____ in the _____ region, the vertebrae _____ to this region do not support the body weight
    4. the _____ and _____ vertebrae decrease in size moving _____
  • the spinous processes are _____ in shape
A 
foramina
facets
largesr
superior
inferior
support
superior
pelvis
lower limbs
lumbosacral region
inferior 
sacrum
coccygeal
inferiorly
quadrangular
29
Q

sacrum

the sacrum consists of _____ vertebrae
articulations
-superior: the intervertebral disc _____ to _____ articulates with the _____
-lateral: the _____ of the sacrum that articulates with the _____ of the _____
–_____: a smooth surface on the lateral portion of of the ala. it forms the _____ joint with the _____
-inferior: _____

it has two surfaces, _____ and _____

  • pelvic surface:
  • -_____: there are four pairs of openings for the _____ of _____
  • dorsal surface:
  • -_____: a ridge that is remnant of the spinous processes of the superior _____ sacral vertebrae
  • -_____: there are _____ pairs of foramina for the _____ of _____
  • -_____: an opening due to the absence of laminae on the _____ sacral segment
A 
5 fused
inferior 
LV5
sacral promontory
ala
ilium
hip bone
auricular surface 
sacro-illiac (SI)
ilium
coccyx
pelvic
dorsal
pelvic sacral foramina
ventral rami
S1 to S4
median sacral crest
3 to 4
dorsal sacral foramina 
four
dorsal rami
S1 to S4
sacral hiatus
fifth
30
Q

the coccyx is typically made up of _____

A

4 fused vertebrae

PAS- ANATOMY (38 decks)

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