CHAPTER 41 Flashcards
definition
- the _____ is a network of intermingling and intertwining nerves that supply structures of the upper limb
1. from latin plexus = twining or braid
brachial plexus
formation of the brachial plexus
- spinal nerve plexuses are derived only from the _____ and never from the dorsal rami
- the brachial plexus is formed directly from the ventral rami of spinal nerves _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____
- these ventral rami combine to form the _____ of the brachial plexus
- -the ventral rami of _____ and _____ join to form the _____
- -the ventral ramus of _____ continues as the _____
- -the ventral rami of _____ and _____ join to form the _____
- trunks are found in the _____
ventral rami C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 trunks C5 C6 upper trunk C7 middle trunk C8 T1 lower trunk neck
nerves derived from the brachial plexus
general overview
-each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into an _____ and a _____
–the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks join to form the _____
–the anterior division of the lower trunk continues as the _____
–the three posterior divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks all join to form the _____
-cords are all found in the _____
-the names lateral, posterior, and medial indicate their location in relation to the _____
-the cords give off a total of _____ nerves and then continue _____ as the _____ major nerves of the upper limb
anterior division posterior division lateral cord medial cord posterior cord axillary artery 8 distally 4
branches of the ventral rami
- _____
- _____
dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
branches of the trunks
- _____
- _____
nerve to the subclavius
suprascapular nerve
branches of the cords
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
lateral pectoral nerve medial pectoral nerve medial brachial cutaneous nerve medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve upper subscapular nerve thoracodorsal nerve lower subscapular nerve axillary nerve
nerves derived from cords (primary nerves)
- _____
- _____
- _____
- _____
musculocutaneous nerve
ulnar nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
patterns of brachial plexus nerves
branches of the ventral rami
-dorsal scapular nerve
–the dorsal scapular nerve originates from the ventral ramus of _____
–it courses deep to _____ and enters the deep surface of the _____, supplying _____ and _____ muscles
- long thoracic nerve
- -the long thoracic nerve originates from the ventral rami of _____, _____, and _____
- -it courses posterior to the _____ and courses on the _____ surface of the _____ muscle, which it supplies
C5 levator scapula rhomboids rhomboid major rhomboid minor C5 C6 C7 axillary artery external serratus anterior
patterns of the brachial plexus nerves
branches of the trunks
-nerve to the subclavius
–the nerve to the subclavius originates from the _____
–it descends _____ to the _____, ending in and supplying the _____
- suprascapular nerve
- -the suprascapular nerve originates from the _____
- -coursing _____ and _____, this nerve passes through the _____ and enters the _____, innervating the _____
- -it then courses around the spine of the _____ and enters the _____, innervating the _____
upper trunk posterior clavicle subclavius muscle upper trunk laterally posteriorly suprascapular notch supraspinous fossa supraspinatus muscle scapula infraspinous fossa infraspinatus muscle
patterns of the brachial plexus nerves
branches of the cords
-lateral pectoral nerve
–the lateral pectoral nerve originates from the _____
–it courses through the _____ above _____ into the deep surface of the _____, which it supplies
lateral cord
fascia
pectoralis minor
pectoralis major
branches of the cords
- medial pectoral nerve
- -the medial pectoral nerve originates from the _____
- -it pierces the _____ and passes through to the deep surface of _____, supplying both muscles
medial cord
pectoralis minor muscle
pectoralis major
branches of the cords
- medial brachial cutaneous nerve
- -the medial branch cutaneous nerve originates from the _____
- -it pierces the _____ of the _____ arm and supplies the _____ on the lower _____ arm
medial cord fascia proximal skin medial
branches of the cords
- medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
- -the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve originates from the _____
- -it descends below the middle of the _____, where it pierces the _____ and supplies the _____ on the _____ forearm
medial cord forearm antebrachial fascia skin medial
branches of the cords
- upper subscapular nerve
- -the upper subscapular nerve originates from the _____
- -it courses into and supplies the _____
posterior cord
subscapularis muscle
branches of the cords
- thoracodorsal nerve
- -the thoracodorsal nerve originates from the _____
- -it courses _____ and _____ to the deep surface of the _____, which it innervates
posterior cord
inferiorly
posteriorly
latissimus dorsi muscle
branches of the cords
- lower subscapular nerve
- -the lower subscapular nerve originates from the _____
- -it courses over the _____ surface of the _____ and divides into two muscular branches, one supplying the _____ and the other supplying the _____
posterior cord anterior subscapularis muscle subscapularis muscle teres major muscle
branches of the cords
- axillary nerve
- -the axillary nerve originates from the _____
- -it courses _____ through the _____ of the shoulder, passes _____ to the surgical neck of the _____, and innervates the _____ and _____ muscles
posterior cord inferiorly quadrangular space medial humerus teres minor deltoid
nerves derived from cords (_____ nerves)
- the _____ is the continuation of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ to the _____ is given off
- the _____ is the continuation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ to the _____ is given off
- the _____ is the continuation of the _____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the _____ is given off
- the _____ is derived from the _____ root of the _____ and the _____ root of the _____
primary musculocutaneous nerve lateral root median nerve ulnar nerve meidal root median nerve radial nerve posterior cord axillary nerve median nerve lateral median nerve meidal median nerve
