Chapter 8 Flashcards
arranges people and resources to work toward a common goal
organizing
is a system of tasks reporting relationships and communication linkages
organization structure
describes the arrangement or work positions within an organization
organization chart
means that people and groups perform different jobs
division of labor
is the official structure of the organization
formal structure
is the network of unofficial relationships among organization’s members
informal structure or shadow organization
identifies the informal structures and their embedded social relationships that are active in an organization
social network analysis
is the process of grouping together people and jobs into work units
departmentalization
groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks
functional structure
is a lack of communication and coordination across functions in a functional structure
functional chimneys or silos
groups together people on the same product in the same area or with similar customers
divisional structure
groups together people and jobs working on a single product or service
product structure
brings together people and jobs performed in the same location
geographical structure
groups together people and jobs that serve the same customers or clients
customer structure
combines functional and divisional approaches to emphasize project or program teams
matrix structure
brings together members from different functional departments
cross-functional teams
uses permanent and temporary cross-functional teams to improve lateral relations
team structure
uses IT to link with networks of outside suppliers and service contractors
network structure
uses informal technologies to operate as a shifting network of alliances
virtual organization
is the process of configuring organizations to meet environmental challenges
organizational design
is the number of persons directly reporting to a manager
span of control
top management keeps the power to make most decisions
centeralization
top management allows lower levels to help make many decisions
decentralization
is the process of entrusting work to others
delegation
gives people freedom to di their jobs as they think best
empowerment
emphasizes formal authority rules order fairness and efficiency
bureaucracy
are bureaucratic using a centralized and vertical structure
mechanistic designs
are adaptive using decentralized and horizontal structure
organic designs
allows a worker to complete a full time job in less than five days
compressed workweek
give employees some choice in daily work hours
flexible working hours
involves using IT to work at home or outside the office
telecommuting
is a place where telecommuters share office space outside the home
co-working center
splits one job between 2 people
job sharing
