Chapter 4

Question 1

involves identifying and taking action to resolve problems

Answer 1

Problem solving

Question 2

add value to organizations through their intellectual capabilities

Answer 2

Knowledge Workers

Question 3

is the ability to understand new technologies and to use them to their best advantage

Answer 3

Technological competency

Question 4

is the ability to gather and use information to solve problems

Answer 4

information competency

Question 5

is they ability to evaluate and analyze information to make actual decisions and solve real problems

Answer 5

analytical competency

Question 6

is a situation where something is wrong ore likely to be wrong

Answer 6

performance threat

Question 7

is a situation that offers teh possibility of a better future if the right steps are taken

Answer 7

performance opportunity

Question 8

is a choice among possible alternative courses of actio

Answer 8

decision

Question 9

applies a solution from past experience to a routine problem

Answer 9

programmed decision

Question 10

applies a specific solution that has been crafted to address a unique problem

Answer 10

non-programmed decision

Question 11

approaches problems in a rational and analytical fashion

Answer 11

systematic thinking

Question 12

approaches problems in a flexible and spontaneous fashion

Answer 12

Intuitive thinking

Question 13

is the way an individual deals with information while making decisions

Answer 13

cognitive stile

Question 14

offers complete information on possible action alternatives and their consequences

Answer 14

certain environment

Question 15

lacks complete information but offers probabilities of the likely outcomes for possible action alternatives

Answer 15

risk environment

Question 16

lacks so much information that it is difficult to assign probabilities to the likely outcomes of alternatives

Answer 16

uncertain environment

Question 17

begins with identification of a problem and ends with evaluation of implemented solutions

Answer 17

decision-making process

Question 18

involves comparing the costs and benefits of each potential course of action

Answer 18

cost benefit analysis

Question 19

describes decision making with complete information

Answer 19

classical decision model

Question 20

chooses the alternative providing the absolute best solution to a problem

Answer 20

optimizing decision

Question 21

describes decision making with limited information and bounded rationality

Answer 21

behavioral decision model

Question 22

chooses the first satisfactory alternative that presents itself

Answer 22

satisfying decision

Question 23

is failure to include the right people in the decision making process

Answer 23

Lack of participation error

Question 24

highlight the risks of public disclosure of one’s actions

Answer 24

Spotlight Questions

Question 25

is the generation of a novel idea or unique approach that solves a problem or crafts an opportunity

Answer 25

creativity

Question 26

occurs when extraordinary things are done by exceptional people

Answer 26

Big C creativity

Question 27

occurs when average people come up with unique ways to deal with daily events and situations

Answer 27

Little-C creativity

Question 28

uses readily available information to assess a current situation

Answer 28

availability heuristic

Question 29

assesses the likelihood of an occurrence using a stereotyped set of similar events

Answer 29

representativeness heuristic

Question 30

adjusts a previously existing value or starting point to make a decision

Answer 30

anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Question 31

is solving a problem in the context percived

Answer 31

framing error

Question 32

is when we attend only to information that confirms a decision already made

Answer 32

confirmation error

Question 33

is the continuation of a course of action even though it is not working

Answer 33

Escalating commitment

Question 34

is a unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately

Answer 34

crisis