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Building construction > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

masonry and ordinary construction

1
Q

primary benefit of masonry comments is their durability and inherent resistance to W F I

A

weather, fire and insects p.217

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2
Q

drawnbacks to masonry construction include

A

long term deterioration of mortar joints, and its labor intensive. p.218

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3
Q

most common types of stone used in construction include :

A

limestone
sandstone
brownstone
granite
marble
slate

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4
Q

horizontal lay of brick is how long

A

8 inches p. 219

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5
Q

most commonly used cement consisting of calcium and aluminum slate

A

portland cement

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6
Q

expansion of excess moisture within masonry materials resulting in tensile forces within materials and causing it to break apart

A

spalling

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7
Q

what are the most common concrete masonry units

A

hollow concrete block

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8
Q

what type blocks where commonly used for construction of interior partitions ?

A

clay tile block and gypsum block ( older buildings)

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9
Q

what type of tile was was popular for decorative effects and may still be found in may older building

A

fired clay tile also know as ( structural terra cotta )

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10
Q

what is used frequently where smooth, easily cleaned surface is desired such as shower rooms, kitchens or corridors

A

structural glazed tile

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11
Q

what is used to fill in windows in existing building

A

glass block p. 220

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12
Q

what is the most inherent part of most( but not all ) masonry construction ?

A

mortar

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13
Q

what bonds individual units to each other ( seals each unit )

A

mortar

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14
Q

what joints are of ten the weakest part of a wall

A

mortar

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15
Q

mortar is available in 5 basic types with compression strengths ranging from

A

75 -2500

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16
Q

most ‘’ is produced form a mixture of:
portland cement, hydrated lime , sand and water

A

mortar

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17
Q

until 1890 mortar was comply produced with what as the bonding agent instead of portland cement

A

lime

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18
Q

Wall construction masonry wall that has not been undermined or weakened is usually the last structural component to ‘’ in wood ‘’ building

A

Structural component to fail in a wood joisted building.

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19
Q

ordinary construction is also known as

A

masonry wood joisted

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20
Q

in Modern Practices, truss joist and wood roof trusses are often used in place of traditional ‘’ and ‘’

A

traditional soild joist and rafters

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21
Q

masonry buildings supported by unprotected steel structure framing are classified as

A

type 2 -b

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22
Q

in modern practice materials used in the most commonly encoded load bearing masonry walls include

A

brick, concrete block combo of brick and block p. 223

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23
Q

single vertical column of masonry units in a wall. usually brick or concrete block

A

wythe p.223

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24
Q

the simplest brick wall consisit of a single

A

wythe

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25
Q

horizontal layer of individual masonry units

A

course

26
Q

bricks placed end to end

A

stretcher

27
Q

bricks placed vertically to end

A

soldier

28
Q

bricks placed with ends facing out

A

header p. 225

29
Q

a masonry wall that is reinforced with steel have reduced ?

A

reduced thickness

30
Q

a common support for masonry walls is a series of vertical ‘’’’ place b/tw 2 adjacent ‘’ of brick walls

A

steel rods placed b/tw 2 adjacent wythes of bricks walls

31
Q

in what masonry does a brick wythe commonly used in combo with concrete block wythe( 1 wythe of concrete blocks w/ a brick wythe attached to the outside)

A

concrete block brick faced

32
Q

Cavity between wythe are filled with ? mixture of cement, aggregate and water that hardens over time .

A

grout

33
Q

Metal ties are frequently attached to what for masonry curtain walls

A

metal or wood studs

34
Q

a what wall is an extra brick wall constructed with a vertical cavity b’tw exterior with and the interior wythe

A

cavity

35
Q

reinforcement of masonry walls can take other forms and can include:
B
FB
P

A

buttresses, flying buttresses , pilasters p.226

36
Q

more modern masonry buildings have ‘’ systems using material including:
masonry colums or interior bearing walls
steal beams or trusses
wood

A

interior framing

37
Q

In many application wood joist or beams simply rest on masonry walls which is known as ‘’’’ and ‘’ inches deep to provice plenty of room

A

beam pocket ( 7 inches deep to provide plenty of room )p. 227

38
Q

structure projected from a wall designed to receive lateral pressure action at a particular point .. seen from exterior

A

buttress

39
Q

rectangular masonry pilar that extends from the face or a wall to provide additional support for the wall

A

pilasters.227

40
Q

end of a wood joist or beam will be cut as a slight angle is this known as

A

fire cut

41
Q

purpose of a fire cut is for the ‘’’’ in case of a structural collapse

A

beam to fall away freely from a wall

42
Q

masonry over an opening is supported by the use of

A

lintel, arch or corbel

43
Q

beam over an opening in a mansard wall ( usually made of steel angels )

A

lintel

44
Q

materials used in lintels include

A

steel , reinforced concrete or reinforced masonry p.228

45
Q

bracket or ledge made of stone, wood , brick or other building material projecting from the face of a wall or column used to support a beam , cornice or arch

A

corbel

46
Q

what is used to improve the aestics of an arch

A

corbelling p.228

47
Q

what is an extension of a masonry or steel wall that projects above the roof 1 ft or more

A

parapet wall p.229

48
Q

what can make parapet walls lose structural integrity during fire opts

A

exposure to high winds,
roof collapse
impact from aerial ladder
master stream

49
Q

flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice, broad flat surface over a storefront or below a cornice

A

fascia

50
Q

concealed space near the eave of a building, usually overhangs the area adjacent to exterior walls

A

cornice

51
Q

building collapse when

A

supports fail

52
Q

collapse zones are typically ‘’ the height of a building

A

1.5x p. 230

53
Q

collapse of masonry walls often occur when

A

interior wood framing fails

54
Q

factors that effect a buildings ‘’’ include:

collapsing interior floors or roofs, that cause horizontal forces and pull walls out

collapse of interior framing

steel within a reinforced walll

A

integrity

55
Q

strongest points of masonry buildings are:
C
S
E

A

corners, stairwells, elevators shafts. 231

56
Q

1 potential problem with tie rods is

A

they can be heated during a fire and stretch and weaken a wall

57
Q

’’ used where repairs have been undertaken are likely to be:
less compatible ( steel channels may be used)
not uniformly positioned on a wall

found in conjunction w/ other repairs p. 233

A

bearing plates

58
Q

masonry walls can ‘’ from several cause including:
erosion of mortar /steel due to elements ( freeze/thaw cycle of weather)

shifts in foundation can cause cracks and misalignments of support

wooden interior members rot and shfit from long term exposure to moisture p. 234

A

deteriorate

59
Q

Where can bearing plates usually be seen?

A

Exterior of the building page 232

60
Q

What are corbels used to support? (p. 228), they are used to improve ‘’

A

Arches
aesthetics

61
Q

The flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice is known as what? (p. 230)

A

Soffit

62
Q

What type of buttress includes a gap between the lower part of the support and the structure

A

Flying buttress

Building construction (12 decks)

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