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chapter 8 Flashcards

masonry and ordinary construction

1
Q

primary benefit of masonry comments is their durability and inherent resistance to W F I

A

weather, fire and insects p.217

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2
Q

drawnbacks to masonry construction include

A

long term deterioration of mortar joints, and its labor intensive. p.218

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3
Q

most common types of stone used in construction include :

A

limestone
sandstone
brownstone
granite
marble
slate

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4
Q

horizontal lay of brick is how long

A

8 inches p. 219

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5
Q

most commonly used cement consisting of calcium and aluminum slate

A

portland cement

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6
Q

expansion of excess moisture within masonry materials resulting in tensile forces within materials and causing it to break apart

A

spalling

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7
Q

what are the most common concrete masonry units

A

hollow concrete block

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8
Q

what type blocks where commonly used for construction of interior partitions ?

A

clay tile block and gypsum block ( older buildings)

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9
Q

what type of tile was was popular for decorative effects and may still be found in may older building

A

fired clay tile also know as ( structural terra cotta )

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10
Q

what is used frequently where smooth, easily cleaned surface is desired such as shower rooms, kitchens or corridors

A

structural glazed tile

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11
Q

what is used to fill in windows in existing building

A

glass block p. 220

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12
Q

what is the most inherent part of most( but not all ) masonry construction ?

A

mortar

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13
Q

what bonds individual units to each other ( seals each unit )

A

mortar

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14
Q

what joints are of ten the weakest part of a wall in mansory

A

mortar

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15
Q

mortar is available in 5 basic types with compression strengths ranging from

A

75 -2500

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16
Q

most ‘’ is produced form a mixture of:
portland cement, hydrated lime , sand and water

A

mortar

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17
Q

until 1890 mortar was completely produced with ‘’’’’ as the bonding agent instead of portland cement

A

lime

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18
Q

Wall construction masonry wall that has not been undermined or weakened is usually the last structural component to ‘’ in wood ‘’ building

A

Structural component to fail in a wood joisted building.

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19
Q

ordinary construction is also known as

A

masonry wood joisted T3

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20
Q

in Modern Practices, truss joist and wood roof trusses are often used in place of traditional ‘’ and ‘’

A

traditional soild joist and rafters

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21
Q

masonry buildings supported by unprotected steel structure framing are classified as

A

type 2 -b

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22
Q

in modern practice materials used in the most commonly encoded load bearing masonry walls include

A

brick, concrete block combo of brick and block p. 223

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23
Q

single vertical column of masonry units in a wall. usually brick or concrete block

A

wythe p.223

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24
Q

the simplest brick wall consisit of a single

A

wythe

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25
horizontal layer of individual masonry units
course
26
bricks placed end to end
stretcher
27
bricks placed vertically to end
soldier
28
bricks placed with ends facing out
header p. 225
29
a masonry wall that is reinforced with steel have reduced ?
reduced thickness
30
a common support for masonry walls is a series of vertical '''' place b/tw 2 adjacent '' of brick walls
steel rods placed b/tw 2 adjacent wythes of bricks walls
31
in what masonry does a brick wythe commonly used in combo with concrete block wythe( 1 wythe of concrete blocks w/ a brick wythe attached to the outside)
concrete block brick faced
32
Cavity between wythe are filled with ? mixture of cement, aggregate and water that hardens over time .
grout
33
Metal ties are frequently attached to what for masonry curtain WALLS
metal or wood studs
34
a what wall is an extra brick wall constructed with a vertical cavity b'tw exterior with and the interior wythe
cavity
35
reinforcement of masonry walls can take other forms and can include: B FB P
buttresses, flying buttresses , pilasters p.226
36
more modern masonry buildings have '' systems using material including: masonry colums or interior bearing walls steal beams or trusses wood
interior framing
37
In many application wood joist or beams simply rest on masonry walls which is known as '''' and '' inches deep to provide plenty of room
beam pocket ( 7 inches deep to provide plenty of room )p. 227
38
structure projected from a wall designed to receive lateral pressure action at a particular point .. seen from exterior
buttress
39
rectangular masonry pilar that extends from the face or a wall to provide additional support for the wall
pilasters.227
40
end of a wood joist or beam will be cut as a slight angle is this known as
fire cut
41
purpose of a fire cut is for the '''' in case of a structural collapse
beam to fall away freely from a wall
42
masonry over an opening is supported by the use of x3
lintel, arch or corbel
43
beam over an opening in a mansard wall ( usually made of steel angels )
lintel
44
materials used in lintels include
steel , reinforced concrete or reinforced masonry p.228
45
bracket or ledge made of stone, wood , brick or other building material projecting from the face of a wall or column used to support a beam , cornice or arch
corbel
46
what is used to improve the aestics of an arch
corbelling p.228
47
what is an extension of a masonry or steel wall that projects above the roof 1 ft or more
parapet wall p.229
48
what can make parapet walls lose structural integrity during fire opts
exposure to high winds, roof collapse impact from aerial ladder master stream
49
flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice, broad flat surface over a storefront or below a cornice
fascia
50
concealed space near the eave of a building, usually overhangs the area adjacent to exterior walls
cornice
51
building collapse when
supports fail
52
collapse zones are typically '' the height of a building
1.5x p. 230
53
collapse of masonry walls often occur when interior ''' fails
interior wood framing fails
54
factors that effect a buildings ''' include: collapsing interior floors or roofs, that cause horizontal forces and pull walls out collapse of interior framing steel within a reinforced walll
integrity
55
strongest points of masonry buildings are: C S E
corners, stairwells, elevators shafts. 231
56
1 potential problem with tie rods is
they can be heated during a fire and stretch and weaken a wall
57
'' used where repairs have been undertaken are likely to be: less compatible ( steel channels may be used) not uniformly positioned on a wall found in conjunction w/ other repairs p. 233
bearing plates
58
masonry walls can '' from several cause including: erosion of mortar /steel due to elements ( freeze/thaw cycle of weather) shifts in foundation can cause cracks and misalignments of support wooden interior members rot and shfit from long term exposure to moisture p. 234
deteriorate
59
Where can bearing plates usually be seen?
Exterior of the building page 232
60
What are corbels used to support? (p. 228), they are used to improve ''
Arches aesthetics
61
The flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice is known as what? (p. 230)
Soffit
62
What type of buttress includes a gap between the lower part of the support and the structure
Flying buttress
63
'' was frequently used for columns during the 19th century.
Cast iron
64
'' tile blocks and ''' blocks where building materials once widely used for the construction of interior partitions?
Clay tile blocks and gypsum blocks.
65
WHAT IS : A flat horizontal or vertical board located at the outer face of a cornice. A broad flat surface over a storefront or below a cornice. A false front that can create a combustible void that is not normally encountered with masonry walls.
FASCIA
66
Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of around ____ stories.
6
67
brownstone is a form of -'''
SANDSTONE `
68
WHAT masonry would have the lowest compressive strength?
Concrete masonry units
69
The building is being stabilized through the presence of steel tie rods equipped with turnbuckles that extend through the masonry walls, parallel to the joists is the presence of '''
bearing plates
70
How can you tell if a masonry wall is reinforced or nonreinforced?
examine pre incident planning
71
Ordinary construction/ masonry wood joisted is known as what type of construction
3
72
the cement-like liquid material that hardens and bonds individual masonry units into a solid mass is
mortar
73
A wall construction system that includes one wythe of concrete blocks with a brick wythe attached to the outside is known as a -
Concrete block brick faced
74
The formation of cracks and the misalignment of a wall can occur because of which of the following reasons?
Foundation shifting
75
By using reinforced masonry, it is possible to construct load-bearing masonry walls to the height of 10 stories or more having a wall thickness of only –
12 in
76
A building being stabilized through the presence of steel tie rods equipped with turnbuckles that extend through the masonry walls, parallel to the joists means there is a presence of ''' visible from the outside of the building
Bearing plates
77
Walls constructed with fire-rated concrete masonry units or bricks can have fire-resistance ratings of -
2-4 hours

Building construction (12 decks)

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