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Building construction > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

wood construction

1
Q

types of wood used in construction are softwoods including ?

A

pine , fir and spruce

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2
Q

some disadvantage to wood are related to the natural growth of trees and include ?

A

wood is never dimensional true

weather effects size and shape

wood does to shrink or swell uniformly

intrinsic defects include knots, knotholes, decay insect damage, splits and warping

wood strength varies significantly with species, grade, age and growth rate of tree

wood strength changes overtime after components are placed un use

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3
Q

solid lumber includes

A

dimensional lumber , boards and timbers

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4
Q

lumber with standard measurements for use in building construction

A

dimensional lumber

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5
Q

actual dimensions of processed lumber do not match the

A

nominal dimensions of lumber

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6
Q

dimensional lumber is available in lengths of

A

8-24 ft p. 182

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7
Q

standard tensile strength of wood is

A

700 psi

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8
Q

most structural lumber has level of moisture of

A

19 % or less

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9
Q

moisture is expressed in terms of

A

specific gravity

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10
Q

mass of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temp

A

specific gravity

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11
Q

direction of growth of a tree

A

grain

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12
Q

wood is stronger ‘’ to the grain than ‘’ the grain

A

parellel / against

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13
Q

other factors that will contribute to the component strength include

A

material , shape and size of easterners and applied position in respect to the grain of wood

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14
Q

Bonding pieces of wood with glue or resin to from finished shapes

A

engineered wood

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15
Q

what wood provides the advantages of strength and cost efficiency

A

engineered wood p.183

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16
Q

lightweight construction is a term coined in the 1950s to ref to

A

milled ( lightwood ) lumber in contrast to heavy timber

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17
Q

material made of wood strips and resin, shaped , and bonded with heat and or pressure

A

laminated wood

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18
Q

wood members made by joining small, flat strips of wood together with glue

A

glue laminated beam

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19
Q

a simple but weak joint.. connected b/tw 2 parts made by simply securing end surfaces together w/o additional shaping at the ends

A

butt joint

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20
Q

current research indicates that the heat of a fire has essentially what effect on the adhesive that are used in contemporary glum beam

A

no effect

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21
Q

connection b’tw 2 puts made by the cutting of overlapping mating parts and securing them by glue or fasteners so that the joint is not enlarged

A

scarf joint

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22
Q

connection b’tw 2 parts made by cutting complementary mating parts, and the securing the joint with glue

A

finger joint p.185

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23
Q

what uses sheets of veneer peeled from the outer portions of the log , beams feature a smooth face suitable for finish work

A

laminated veneer lumber ( lvl)

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24
Q

what is made from veneer that are not as uniform as those used in LVL ? created from smaller pieces of wood oriented in the same direction

A

Parallel strand lumber ( PSL) p. 186

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25
Q

plastic that softens with increase of temp and hardens with decrease of temp but does not undergo any chemical change

A

thermoplastics

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26
Q

what is thermoplastic primarily used for

A

outside desks and railing( they burn black and sooty unlike wood

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27
Q

synthetic chemical used in plastic and single ply membrane roofs

A

polyvinyl chloride PVC

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28
Q

wood sheets product made from several thin veneer layers that are sliced from logs and glued together

A

plywood

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29
Q

plywood is used for

A

sheathing , concrete frame work , webs of composite beams and hulls of ships p. 187

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30
Q

lightweight wood construction panel manufactured from wood chips, strands, wafers or sawdust and bonding agents such as glue or resin

A

non veneered panel

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31
Q

what uses long strand-like wood particles compressed and glued into 3-5 layer

A

oriented stand board

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32
Q

what is stronger than wakeboard or particleboard and widely used for sheathing and sub flooring in wood frame

A

oriented stand board

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33
Q

wooden structural panel formed from wood particles and synthetic resins also know as flake board, chipboard or shavings board

A

particleboard p.188

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34
Q

what panels consist of face and back panels of plywood or OBS bonded to a central core material. ( used for insulation /structural support

A

composite panel

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35
Q

a composite panel used in structural application made of plastic foam between 2 outer wood panels often oriented strand board

A

structural insulated panel

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36
Q

a polymer formed by reacting an isocyanate with polio used in floating insulting foams and floating ropes

A

polyurethane

37
Q

a measure of the ability of a material to insulate .

A

r-value

38
Q

to prevent rapid spread of fire through concealed spaces within combustible construction, code requires fire stops : materials used are ?

A

2 inch nominal lumber

gypsum board

cement fiber board

batts or blankets of mineral wool, glass fiber or other p.189

39
Q

locations of firestops are

A

withins studs at the ceiling and floor levels

between stairs stringers

behind fascia and architectural members

40
Q

what is a layer of material installed outside of the studs to provide structural stability, insulation and an underlay for siding

A

sheathing

41
Q

what acts as a vapor barrier between sheathing and siding

A

building wrap p. 190

42
Q

noncombustible materials used for insulation include

A

glass wool and rock wool in the form of batts or blankets with combustible paper

fiberglass

some older vermiculite and batt insulation that could have asbestos

43
Q

insulation can also take form of loose fill material including

A

granulated rock wool

mineral wool and glas wool ( blown or packed in )

cellulose fiber and shredded wood , treated with water soluble salt to reduce combustiablitly p. 191

44
Q

exterior finish or skin

A

CLADDING

45
Q

what foam are applied as soft foam that hardens after application ( building icing )

A

solid fill foam

46
Q

materials used for sliding include

A

aluminum
asphalt siding /shingles
cement boars
plywood
stone
stucco
wood board
wood shingles
vinyl p. 192

47
Q

Asbestos can be found in what materials ( comply used in the 30s-70s )

A

siding
insulation
construction adhesives
cry wall compound
elterical equip
heating equip
floor tiles
ceiling titles

48
Q

walls of surface layer of attractive material laid over base of a common material

A

veneered walls p. 194

49
Q

wood frame unprotected

A

type v-b

50
Q

wood fame protected

A

type v-a

51
Q

typical means of adding or increasing fire resistance is using ‘’ attached to studs and ceiling joist

A

5/8 gypsum board

52
Q

structural elements made in a factory and shipped to site

A

manufactured components p.194

53
Q

materials used as manufactured components include

A

adhesives

dimensional lumber

metal fasteners

panels p. 195

54
Q

org’s that produce tested and quantified studs with discrete results include

A

underwriting labs ( ul )

NIOSH

NIST

55
Q

Many factors influence the burning wood , ignition temp are difficult to measure accurately b’c of variability in the following

A

density of the wood

size and form of the wood

moisture content

rate of heating

nature of heating source

air supply p. 196

56
Q

ignition of wood occurs when ‘’ of sufficient intensity is applied to the wood

A

ignition source

57
Q

what is the thermal decomposition of wood that begins at 392 degrees

A

pyrolysis

58
Q

what of fuel is the total amount of thermal energy that can be released if the fuel is completely burned

A

heat of combustion

59
Q

what is used as a baseline for full potential of fire

A

heat of combustion p. 197

60
Q

relationship b’tw the available surface area of fuel and the mass of fuel , used to predict the rate of fire consumption of combustible material

A

surface to mass ratio

61
Q

2 main methods of fire retardant treatment are

A

surface coating and pressure impregnation

62
Q

what is used to reduce flame spread rating of wood

A

surface coating

63
Q

what effects the whole component and is permanent when under proper conditions

A

pressure Impregnation p. 198

64
Q

steps to impregnation of wood

A

wood placed in vacuum cylinder

vacuums draws out of the cells of wood

solution w/ fire retardant is introduced into the cylinder under pressure

the pressure forces the chemical into the cells of the wood

65
Q
A
66
Q

any of the following chems may be used in the treatment of fire-retardants

A

ammonium phosphate
ammonium sulfate
boric acid
zinc chloride
sodium dichromate
borax

67
Q

ability of a substance to absorb moisture from the air

A

hygroscopic p. 200

68
Q

Factors used to evaluate the hazard severity in a given location include

A

ground slope

clear space around property

water supply

climate

69
Q

fire resistance of heavy timber columns and beams has been tested with which test

A

ASTM E119 P. 201

70
Q

an engineer designing hvy timber construction will amount for

A

likelihood of collapse or roof and floor decks

method used to join joist beams and colums

integrity of timber under fire

suitability of protection

71
Q

methods of connect timber

A

steel t straps

steel brackets through bolted at column

steel strap w/ bolt bearing block

72
Q

wood framing can be classified as 2 types which are

A

light wood framing or heavy timber

73
Q

other wood types that may encounter

A

pole , log and prefabs

74
Q

because of labor cost and basic strength of woods most wood frames don’t exceed ‘’ in contrast engineered wood can be built ‘’

A

3 stories / serveral stories p. 202

75
Q

lightwood framing uses ‘’ at its smallest dimension

A

2 in

76
Q

exterior wall studs are continuous from the foundation to roof

A

balloon

77
Q

joist that support the second floor rest on

A

ledger boards p. 204

78
Q

exterior walls vertical studs are not continuous to 2nd floor ( western framing )

A

plateform framing

79
Q

what framing more prone to shrinkage that balloon

A

platform p.204

80
Q

type 4 construction is closer to what other type

A

T3

81
Q

identifing features of heavy timber framing

A

trusses r beams can be used to support the roof

exterior walls are non load bearing panels w/ am exterior siding that many material

internal support coulombs are not less than 8x8 and beams are not less than 6x10 p.206

82
Q

what framing is form of wood frame constructed w/ colums (post) and beams that use dimensions smaller than those used in light-frame construction

A

post and beam

83
Q

engineered wooden joist are constructed of 3 wood components to make an I shape

A

i joist ( flanges and web )

84
Q

what are common in floor supports in residential and non

A

i joist

85
Q

what beams are used in floor jost and rafters

A

box beams p. 208

86
Q

what joist are most likely to be found in older construction ( used in rare new contraction for artistic or appearance )

A

mortis and tenon joint

87
Q

wood is uniquely to deterioration form ?

A

insects , decay and skrinkagep. 211

88
Q
A

Building construction (12 decks)

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