Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Building construction > Chap 3 > Flashcards

Chap 3 Flashcards

structural design

1
Q

Direction of forces from loads acting on interior of structural members is expressed as ?

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Forces within structural supports systems that resist applied loads are referred to as

A

reaction R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Any effect that a structure must be designed to resist like gravity, wind , earthquakes ..

A

load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

any interaction that may change the motion of an object

A

force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

condition of balance that exists when a structural system is capable of supporting the applied load

A

EQUILBRUIM p. 66

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A REACTION W/IN a structural component that opposes a vertical load

A

bending Moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common load imposed on a structure ?

A

gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sources of vibration can include

A

Natural ( wind) , building related ( vent system ) external ( traffic )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what changes external to building may cause peripheral structural members to expand and contract

A

Temperature pg.67

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulls material apart referred to as tensile stress

A

Tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

squeeze the material is referred to as

A

compression streee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

slides one plane of material past an adjacent plane

A

shear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what forces often can be visually identified and evaluated

A

external forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what forces must be calculated

A

Interior forces p. 68

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

load applied to CENTER of cross section of a member and perpendicular to that cross section

A

axial load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

loads perpendicular to the cross section of the structural members , But which does not pass THROUGHT THE CENTER of the cross section

A

eccentric loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

loads applied OFF CENTER from the cross section of the structural compentent

A

Torsional load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Point at which materials causes to perform

A

failure point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ratio of failure points of materials to maximum design stress `

A

factor point p. 69

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Load types can meet multiple categories that are based on factors such as ?

A

Change over time
load application velocity
weight distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a load that is fixed in its location

A

dead load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

loads that is not fixed or permanent

A

Live load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

loads that are steady or applied gradually

A

static load p. 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

loads that involve motion ( wind, falling )

A

dynamic loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

For dynamic loads to stop moving, the surface it impacts must

A

absorb the kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dynamic loads may cause ?

A

structural failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rain and snow are

A

Live loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ponding is

A

water accumulation. 72

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Energy possessed by moving objects because of motion

A

kinetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

air pressure less than that of the surrounding atmosphere

A

negative pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

water at a depth go 3 inches adds a static load of

A

21 pounds per sq ft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Straight line winds apply forces to a surface is ?

A

direct pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

wind flowing around the objects may catch what ?

A

drag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

wind may produce a suction effect on the downwind side of the building resulting in outward pressure

A

negative pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

wind may cause the building to sway in back and fourth

A

rocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Wing tasing over a surface , such as a roof, may shake it is

A

vibration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

wind may dislodge or move objects from a building surface

A

clean off. 73

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Egineers must also account for complex factors such as

A

Building height , surrounding terrain and adjacent urban development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

common locations where walls may be insufficiently braced include

A

construction sites, demo sites , fire damaged buildings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

forces produced by earthquakes traveling in waves

A

seismic forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

area of discontinuity in earth crust associated w/ movements by tectonic plates

A

faults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

movement of shock waves through the ground or structure after a large detonation

A

seismic effect p. 74

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

per code some buildings require stronger bracing than seismic activity map including

A

office building , public assembly , schools. 75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

applications of forces caused by earthquakes

A

seismic load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

directional movements include

A

Lateral , torsional and resonant

47
Q

what load that creat horizontal motion are Most significant force generated by an earthquake ?

A

lateral

48
Q

twisting by seismic motion

A

torsional

49
Q

3 types of accommodations are

A

expansion joints , damping mechanisms , base isolation

50
Q

what kind of building are more susceptible to earthquakes

A

irregularities one than symmetrical

51
Q

what absorb resonant energy as structures begin to move

A

damping mechanisms p. 76

52
Q

2 common methods that isolate building from horizontal movements

A

shear and sliding systems

53
Q

elastomeric bearings placed in layer b’tw the building and foundation

A

shear system

54
Q

special plates that slide on each other to isolate the building from horizontal shear forces

A

sliding system

55
Q

what is used harden a structure against expected loads

A

structural stiffening

56
Q

2 types of structural stiffness that are effective against seismic loads

A

shear walls and cross bracing
structural support redundancy

57
Q

shear walls and cross bracing are effective against

A

ground motors with long slow vibrational periods

58
Q

loads that exert a horizontal force against a structure

A

lateral loads

59
Q

side to side swaying motions

A

horizontal motions

60
Q

movement of large amplitude resulting from small force applied at the natural freq of a structure

A

resonance

61
Q

what allows building sections to move independently of each other

A

expansion joist

62
Q

what is designed to control vibration from resonance

A

damping mechanism

63
Q

what system creates a joint b/tw a building and its base to Min seismic force effect on main structures

A

base isolation

64
Q

generic term for rubber like material

A

elastomer p.77

65
Q

what structural members support the entire system making collapse less likely to occur

A

redundant

66
Q

pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation is known as

A

active soil pressure

67
Q

the force of the foundation against the soil is know as

A

passive soil pressure

68
Q

horizontal structure member used to support a ceiling of floor

A

joist

69
Q

projected beam or slab supported at one end

A

cantilevers.78

70
Q

materials used in beams

A

steal , wood, reinforced concrete

71
Q

what is supported beneath both ends and free to rotate

A

simply supported beams

72
Q

rigidly supported at each end

A

restrained beam

73
Q

supported at one end , must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting being stresses

A

cantilever beam ( often to support balconies)

74
Q

Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support

A

overhanging beams p.79

75
Q

i beam is composed of

A

flange (top /bottom) and web( middle)

76
Q

center horizontal line of a web is known as

A

neutral axis

77
Q

stresses created within a column are

A

compressive

78
Q

materials used in columns

A

wood, steel , cast iron, concrete and masonry

79
Q

what are not primarily designed to withstand bending stresses

A

column

80
Q

tall, thin columns fail by ? / squat column fail by

A

bucking / crushing

81
Q

arches produce what at ends

A

inclined forces that ether end supports p.80

82
Q

materials used in arches

A

masonry , steel , concrete and laminated wood

83
Q

if what is removed of an arch it comes unstable

A

end supports p.81

84
Q

cables used to support loads over distance will have a

A

curved shape

85
Q

what are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane

A

trusses

86
Q

Pic of all truss

A

p.82

87
Q

Typical truss shapes span, but in modern construction may exceed

A

22-70ft/100

88
Q

connectors used with steel

A

steel gusset, rivets and welds

89
Q

connectors used with wood trusses

A

pins/bolts, gusset plates , structural adhesives , brackets and metal straps

90
Q

top of bottom longitudinal members of a truss

A

chord

91
Q

lightweight truss design noted by bow shape , or curve of top chord

A

bowstring truss

92
Q

open web truss made of steel

A

bar joist

93
Q

metal or wood plates used to connect / strengthen the joints of 2 or more separate components

A

gusset plates p.83

94
Q

3 dimensional truss

A

space frames

95
Q

what are commonly placed at exterior of a structure but they may also include internal walls

A

load bearing walls

96
Q

common materials in bearing walls

A

concrete block , brick, stone, would wood and concrete panel p. 84

97
Q

bearing walls structures use walls to support spanning elements including

A

beams , trusses , precast concrete slabs

98
Q

frame construction often referred to

A

wood frame

99
Q

historically stud wall frame has been associated with what wood studs

A

2x4 i

100
Q

internal system if structural supports w/in building

A

frame.85

101
Q

what framing uses a series of vertical element ( posts ) to support horizontal elements ( beams that carry traverse loads

A

post and beams

102
Q

structural load that experts a force perpendicular to structural members

A

transverse load

103
Q

what structural system is characterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit the bending stresses through the joist

A

rigid frame

104
Q

material used in rigid frame

A

steal , laminate wood and reinforced concrete

105
Q

what will be the last portion of assembly to fail under fire conditions

A

joist p. 86

106
Q

broad top surface of a column or pilaster designed to spread the load held by a column

A

capital

107
Q

concrete floor in which portions of the floor above each column is dropped below the bottom level of the rest of the slab

A

drop panel

108
Q

Construction techniques using concrete slabs supported by concrete beams

A

slab and beam frame

109
Q

what system consist of an enclosing, waterproof surface

A

surface systems

110
Q

similar to fabric tents , but are permit structures

A

membrane structure

111
Q

types of membrane frames

A

cable and masts , tubular and solid.87

112
Q

other types of materials used in membrane structures

A

wood , concrete and steel

113
Q

rigid 3 dimensional structure having thin components comply made of

A

shell structures, concrete p.88

Building construction (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions