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building construction > chap 4 > Flashcards

chap 4 Flashcards

building systems

1
Q

continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way

A

means of egress

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2
Q

stairs that usually connect 2 floors in a multistory building(NOT part of the means of egress )

A

convenience stairs

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3
Q

horizontal face of step

A

tread

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4
Q

vertical part of a stair step

A

riser

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5
Q

horizontal measurement of a stair tread or the distance of the entire stair length

A

run

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6
Q

vertical distance b’tw the treads of a stairway, or the height of the entire stairway

A

rise p. 94

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7
Q

6 types of stairs

A

straight run , return , scissor, circular, folding and spiral

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8
Q

Intermediate landing b’tw floors and reverse direction at that point( common in modern construction)

A

return stairs p.95

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9
Q

2 separate sets of stairs constructed in common shaft( cheaper and space efficient ) Often used in assembly building that have large floor to ceiling height

A

scissor stairs

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10
Q

Often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only 2 levels

A

circular stairs p.96

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11
Q

Series of steps spiraling around singe column to fit in a very small space ( primarily used in residential occupancy

A

spiral

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12
Q

Actually ladders used to provide access to an attic

A

folding stairs p.97

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13
Q

extend in 1 direction for entire length

A

straight run

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14
Q

Exit stairs, as a component of the required means of egress, must meet strict requirements to ensure safe passage during buildings evacuation. this includes

A

fire- resistance rating of the enclose

separation when exterior stairs are utilized

features to ensure safety during both nonemergency and emergency use

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15
Q

What stairs must resist the effects of the products of combustion

A

Protected stairs

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16
Q

Measures indicated in building codes to protect stair enclosures include

A

Limited penetrations in the enclosure for light, fire protection and environmental control

required self or automatic closing fire rated doors

separation from the rest of building

stairway vestibules

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17
Q

stairs separated from interior of a building by walls

A

exterior stairs p. 98

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18
Q

fire escapes are sully anchored to the building, and the anchor points may fail w/o warning due to ?

A

damage from freeze- thaw cycle

corrosion from pollution and weather

inadequate mortar holding the anchors

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19
Q

active vs passive fire protection

A

A- moving mechanical or eletric parts that work as a system and require power ( fire alarm )

P- no system activation or movement relies on building construction ( fire walls ) p. 99

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20
Q

building code typically allows the use of open stairs in building only when they connect

A

no moe that 2 adjacent floors above basement level

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21
Q

system used to transport items and materials

A

conveyor system

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22
Q

conveyors systems often penetrate fire barriers, and are protected by features such as

A

fire doors , shutters and water spray fixed fire suppression system

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23
Q

Safeguards against incomplete closure include

A

auto stop controls

breaks in conveyor

multi layers of doors or shutters

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24
Q

Conveyor transport devices alined as a stair way with electrically powered steps that move in 1 direction

A

escalators p. 101

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25
Q

Escalators may be stopped for reasons including :

A

routine, maintenance

emergency operations

periods of low capacity in building

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26
Q

most common protection for vertical openings is to use closely spaced ?

A

sprinklers and draft stops around openings p. 102

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27
Q

Asme/ANSI A17.1 are based on

A

elevator regs p. 103

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28
Q

Types of elevators according to their use ?

A

passager ( pp)

freight ( bulky or heavy things)

service ( can carry pp or freight)

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29
Q

2 most common types of power in elevators

A

hydraulic and electric

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30
Q

Elevators operate via fluid forced , under pressure into a cylinder contains a piston to ram

A

hydraulic

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31
Q

Historically, practical upper limits for hydraulic elevators was about

A

6 stories

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32
Q

Elevators using a hoist cable and drum

A

electric

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33
Q

4 common STYLES of elevators

A

Drum ( intended for passenger use)

Traction ( passenger use )

Machine room less ( passage use )

dumbwaiter ( cargo )

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34
Q

Drum elevators use?

A

Hoisting cable wound on a drum located in a motor room directly one the hoist way

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35
Q

Vertical shaft in which elevators travel

A

hoistway p. 105

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36
Q

Obsolete and found in very old structures or in use as freight elevators

A

drum

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37
Q

Most common type of elevator in buildings over 6 stories ( fast and do not have height limitations )

A

traction

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38
Q

what reduces the amount of energy needed to raise the elevators

A

counterweights

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39
Q

Alternating current circuit

A

current can ,one through the circuit in both directions and flow can constantly reversing

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40
Q

direct current

A

current can only move in 1 direct p. 106

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41
Q

on elevators with DC motor, what stops the car and what do the brakes do

A

motor stops car and brakes hold the car in place

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42
Q

when electromagnets release and the brakes shoes are forced abasing the drum what is happening

A

power failure

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43
Q

Hoistways that include all components

A

machine room less

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44
Q

Passenger safety devices on elevators ?

A

Terminal devices - switch that terminates power b4 elevators hits upper or lower limit

buffers- large spring or hydraulic cylinders and pistons at the bottom of pits inane terminal switch fails

speed reducing switch - speed governors , activates if going to fast

overspeed switch - activated if the speed reducing switch fails to slow the car

car safeties - steel jaws that wedge against the guide rails and bring to stop (designed to stop a free falling car) p. 108

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45
Q

extends down from the lowest floor landing to the bottom of the hositway

A

pit

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46
Q

Elevator hosyways are required to have a what fire rating

A

1 or 2 hours p. 109

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47
Q

walls panels that are braced agasit lateral loads( non load bearing or bearing

A

shear walls

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48
Q

tendency of heat, smoke and other prouducts of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction

A

mushrooming

49
Q

used for express elevates that serves only upper floors of tall buildings

A

blind hostway

50
Q

4 or more elevators must have a min of how many hositwasy

A

2

51
Q

zones often include how many floors

A

15-20 in a row. 110

52
Q

if the doors are open in an elevtor the what will happen

A

it will stop moving

53
Q

how to doors open ?

A

the vane strikes the roller that releases the histway door lock , the door than opens

54
Q

how do doors close

A

a weight forces the hoist way door closed, drining vane moves away from the roller and the hositway doors are relocked p. 111-12

55
Q

vertical shaft that contains utility services such as laundry( can provide a path for smoke or fire )

A

utility chase

56
Q

space for gravity aided removal of trash or laundry

A

refuse chute

57
Q

what are required at tops of chutes and termination rooms

A

sprinklers p. 114

58
Q

what are typical installed over deep fryers and grills part of ecshaut system for commercial cooking appliance

A

grease ducts p. 115

59
Q

concealed vertical channel in which pipes and other unity conduit are housed.

A

pipe chase

60
Q

Pipe chase contain piping needed for services including

A

hot and cold water

drain lines

steam

hot and chilled water of heating/cooling

sprinkler piping

61
Q

what creates and maintains a comfortable living environment for people

A

HVAC

62
Q

TYPE OF ROOFTOP projection historically used for ventilation and lighting and modernly added for aesthetics

A

Cupola `p.117

63
Q

what draws air from outside sources into the building

A

outside air intake

64
Q

codes regulate the location of air intakes to MIN drawing in the following hazards

A

combustible , flammable or toxic substance , vehicle exhaust and smoke from fires p. 118

65
Q

fuels used in fuel - fired heating equip are ? other types ?

A

GAS OR OIL / ELETRIC OR STEam

66
Q

UNOCCUPIED space w/in a building through which air flows back to the HVAC . usually above a ceiling and below insulated roofs or the floor above

A

return air plenum

67
Q

device that automatically restricts the flow of smoke through all or parts of an air handling system ( activated by fire alarm system )

A

smoke damper

68
Q

device that auto restricts the flow of air through all or part of an air handling system. ( activated by fire alarm or fusible links)

A

fire damper p.119

69
Q

Vent systems designed to remove stale air, smoke, vapors or other airborne contaminants

A

exhaust system

70
Q

building heating and cooling system that uses air as a heat transfer medium

A

forced air system

71
Q

Systems that use extensive ducting are of great interest to fire protection engineers and FF because of what disadvantages

A

pathways for comm of heat and smoke

penetration of fire rated assemblies that can destroy the integrity of assembly

dedicated use of substantial amount of space

72
Q

Building heating and cooling system that uses water as a heat transfer medium

A

hydronic system

73
Q

rooftop or independent unit hat ejects waste heat into the atmosphere to lower temps in system

A

cooling tower

74
Q

movement of air back into a vent system after being ejected

A

recirculation

75
Q

NFPA 901 requires what for enclosure less than 4 stories and what for taller than 4

A

1 hour fire rating / 2 p. 120

76
Q

protective treatment for exterior windows designed to withstand hurricane conditions

A

hurricane glazing

77
Q

strategic use of passive and active devices to direct or stop movement of smoke

A

smoke control

78
Q

setting on an HVAC SYSTEM OR FIRE ALARM CONTROL unit that can be activated auto or manually to initiate a programmed smoke control procedure

A

smoke control mode p. 121

79
Q

Factors designers must anticipate regarding smoke control system

A

fire size , weather , volume , max pressure diff across barriers

80
Q

whats systems can signal HVAC controls to transfer to smoke control mode

A

smoke detectors , heat detectors and sprinkler waterflow switches

81
Q

a primary disadvantage of auto system is the # of elements that must be coordinated for max benefit including ?

A

fire alarm , auto sprinklers and HVAC zones

82
Q

Manaul pull station accessible to public should active only what

A

alarm system not smoke control

83
Q

interface b’tw smoke MNGT system and fire respond

A

FF smoke control station

84
Q

Advantage of Manual control

A

no system disruptions due to false alarm and more specific system control

85
Q

rooftop smoke vents are typically required in what kind of building

A

industrial , storage and mercantile,123

86
Q

noncombustible barriers of dividers hung from ceiling in large open areas that are designed to Minimize the mushrooming effect

A

draft curtains

87
Q

draft curtains should not be less than what % of ceiling height

A

20

88
Q

curtain boards should not be speed so that they are not farther apart than

A

8 x the ceiling height.124

89
Q

method used to determine the vent area requires an analysis of the ? x3

A

heat release of fuel , ceiling height and depth of curtain boards

90
Q

roof vents in sprinkled building are what

A

less effective than in non sprinklers building b/c there is less smoke due to the sprinkler cooling the gases

91
Q

smoke vents are what loaded and what must FF due when opening

A

spring .. must position away from hatch b4 operating

92
Q

fully enclosed escape stray that exits directly onto a public way

A

smoke tower

93
Q

smoke tower requires what expensive concession

A

location on the periphery floor plan , dedicated floor spaces, corridor access to stair well p.125

94
Q

stairwell pressurization system that uses 1 point of supply air … Uses Fans to supply air to a stairwell at a single point

A

single injection system

95
Q

stairwell pressurization system that uses an air supply shaft that discharges soppy air at uniform rates along several points w/in stairwell

A

multiple injection system p. 126

96
Q

in what system can airflow into the stairwell be adjusted on a # of doors that may be open , pressure may be modulated or vented

A

compensated system

97
Q

air presser above normal or atmospheric pressure

A

overpressure

98
Q

what uses input pressure sensors that compare the stairwell and the intro of the building ?

A

modulation

99
Q

adjustment used in modulation can affect the following

A

speed of fan , inlet vanes , variable pitch fan blade and # of fans operating

100
Q

high voltage equipment is defined as operating ? low voltage

A

600 volts or higher / less than 600

101
Q

device that uses coils and magnetics fields to increase or decrease incoming voltage

A

transformers.128

102
Q

2 most common cooling methods for transformers

A

air and oil

103
Q

air cooled transformers also called ? use what to cool the units fins, heatsink ad vent openings

A

dry/ surrounding air

104
Q

most modern day transformers are designed for use inside

A

sprinklered spaces

105
Q

electricity us used at 480 V by/227

A

Hvac , refrigeration and other motors/light fixtures

106
Q

480/227 V services buildings

A

schools , hostpicals , malls, factories big box stores

107
Q

Dry transformers are located through the building to step down the voltage to 120 for resources such as

A

officer equip, table lamps and appliances

108
Q

High temp luminous eletric discharge across a gap

A

arc

109
Q

material that is a poor conductor of electricity, added to tool handles

A

dielectic

110
Q

toxic compound found in some older oil filled eletric transformers

A

polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)p.129

111
Q

transformers inside buildings are located but in high raised

A

at or near grade/ upper levels

112
Q

transformers in buildings must be rated for what it not protected by sprinklers and if they are protected

A

3 hours / 1 hour

113
Q

backup systems may consist of

A

generators , batteries or combo of both

114
Q

emergency backup generators are used where

A

highrises , denetions centeres, fire , police , telecommunication facilites

115
Q

generators are typically what driven

A

engince using gas, diesel , propane or natural gas

116
Q

day tanks for generators are limited to how many gallons

A

60p.130

117
Q

a system including a battery , charger and electrical equipment for a application

A

stationary storage battery system,131

118
Q
A

building construction (12 decks)

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