chapter 6 Flashcards
the function of what is to transfer a buildings weight to the ground ?
foundation
physical qualities of the materials at the surface of the earth, affects a buildings foundation and size `
soil property
2 strategies used to asses soil are
test pits and test boring
highest level of ground water saturation of subsurface material
water table
The term for common depth at which ground water in soil will freeze.
frost line
sheet like layer of rock or earth: numerous other layers , each w/ different characteristics
stratum
what are used when test pit may not reach deep enough
test boring
part of the building in contact w/ the bearing soil ; thicker that columns or foundation wall .
footings
several other factors that influence the type and depth of the ‘’ include :
soil condition at the site
type of building
building intended structure and content
lateral forces( seismic/wind)
work space requirement
influence on adjacent exposure
building codes and regs.170
foundation
shallow foundations usually use Reinforced ‘’’’’ footings to transmit the building load to the soil in a limited amount of space
reinforced concrete footing
increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges is known as
monolithic floor
continuous strip of concrete that support a wall also known as ( strip footing )
wall footing
square pad of concrete that supports a column.
column footing
parallel structural beams ( often steel) arranged in multiple layers at the RIGHT ANGELS to each other
grillage footings.171
thick slab beneath the entire area of a building. thicker than simple slab on grade foundation
mat slab foundation
The weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building. the total weight supported at each soil layer beneath the building remains the same before and after excavation.. constructed in the same way as a Matlab foundation. What type of foundation is this?
floating foundation.172
what are driven into the ground and support a load by transferring the load either through friction with the surging soil or contact with rock,
piles
when a pier is designed with a footing its known as
belled pier p. 172
protective sleeve used to keep water out of an excavation for pier
caisson
vertical element of a foundation
foundation wall
cement like liquid material that hardens and bonds masonry units into solid mass
mortar
closed cell foam used for a growing number of purposes including building insulation. properties include rigidity, low weight and formability
expanded polystyrene ( eps )
hollow EPS blocks can be filled with concrete to create
insulated concrete forms ( icf) p. 174
Insulated concrete foam (ICF) construction can be used for applications including:
F
A/B G W
foundations
above /below grade walls
other structural apps
Expanded POLYSTYRENE ( EPS) helps conserve cost and energy in what ways
conserves heat in cold weather
reduce the energy needed for AC in warm weather
foundation limit the transfer of heat to the surrounding soil
may be used in areas with a shallower front line
types of movements
S
H
LD
settlement - downward movement
heaving - upward movement
lateral displacement - outward movement
symptoms of ‘’’’ for
listed building frame:
Distorted building frame
sloped floors
cracked walls/ glass
improperly working doors and windows
damaged building utilities and systems p 175
Settlement
causes of differential ‘’ include:
non uniform soil conditions under foundation
footing of different sizes
footies placed at diff elevations
unequal load on footings’’
settlement
device that can be used as a temp support for formwork or structural component or used to holding sheeting against a trench
shoring
the use of permanent supports to strenghting an existing foundation
under pinning p. 176
Pits for test borings can reach what depth
8ft
Test pits allow what aspect of the soil to be observed and measured
Strata
For shallow foundations one story of soil can equal how many stories of building
5 to 8 stories
For floating foundation, the weight of the soil removed is equal to what
The weight to the building
Another name for pier
Beam
EPS stands for
Expanded polystyrene
’’’ can be used as a component of:
Foundation wall
May add to the Fire load
Must also be protected from UV light
EPS
Hollow EPS block could be filled with””” to create ICF ( )
Concrete
Insulated concrete form
What kind of movement does lateral displacement have?
Outward movement
A deep foundation type that uses BEAMS mounted on concrete wedges/blocks to support loads is called a -
PEIRS
A vertical element of a foundation that rests on the foundation footers is known as a -
Foundation wall
A foundation for which the volume of earth excavated will approximately equal the weight of the building supported is called a -
Floating foundation
At what location is a “wall footing” found in a foundation wal
Underneath and along the entire length of the wall foundation.
When the load-bearing capacity of the soil is not able to bear a heavy weight is when a ‘’’’ can be used?
“floating foundation”
What is the primary material used in the construction of a pier?
concrete
