Chapter 8

Question 1

Baumrind’s three parenting styles:

Answer 1

authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive

Question 2

Maccoby and Martin’s fourth parenting style:

Answer 2

rejecting-neglecting

Question 3

_______ parents are high in both responsiveness and high in behavioural control

Answer 3

Authoritative

Question 4

_______- parents are high in behavioural control, but low in responsiveness

Answer 4

Authoritarian

Question 5

_______ parents are high in responsiveness, but low in behavioural control

Answer 5

Permissive

Question 6

_______ parents are low in behavioural control and low in responsiveness

Answer 6

Rejecting/neglecting

Question 7

Authoritative parents act as ______

Answer 7

role models

Question 8

these parents tend to exhibit good emotional understanding and control.

Answer 8

Authoritative

Question 9

________ parenting also tends to be more common in low SES environments

Answer 9

Authoritarian

Question 10

________- parenting is associated with the worst outcomes for children across cultures

Answer 10

Rejecting-neglecting

Question 11

Children of which type of parents tend to be the most well-adjusted in terms of competence, antisocial behaviour, and self-confidence?

Answer 11

Authoritative

Question 12

adults are ___ likely to get married

Answer 12

less

Question 13

adults are ____ likely to be older if they decide to get married

Answer 13

more

Question 14

the total fertility rate is ______

Answer 14

1.6

Question 15

what is the replacement level of fertility?

Answer 15

couples are having two kids, essentially replacing themselves

Question 16

Research consistently indicates that it is ________ that is the biggest predictor of children’s outcomes

Answer 16

relationship quality

Question 17

Which family arrangement has declined in Canada since the 1960s?

Answer 17

Married families with children

Question 18

Which variable has been found to be an important factor in the adjustment of children of lesbian and gay parents?

Answer 18

The closeness of the parent‒child relationship

Question 19

Piaget posited that _____ are crucial for learning

Answer 19

peers

Question 20

Vygotsky emphasized learning through _______ within friendships

Answer 20

collaboration

Question 21

Sullivan argued that friendships are important sources of __________

Answer 21

emotional support

Question 22

children tend to play next to each other, but not together

Answer 22

Parallel play

Question 23

children first start to interact and explore toys together

Answer 23

Associative play

Question 24

children begin to develop goals or rules for their play

Answer 24

Cooperative play

Question 25

_____ is the tendency to form relationships with similar others

Answer 25

Homophily

Question 26

Homophily consists of both _____ and ______ effects

Answer 26

selection and socialization

Question 27

friendships are unique relationships because they typically involve _______

Answer 27

equal status

Question 28

friendships are children’s training ground for _________

Answer 28

healthy romantic relationships

Question 29

_______ occurs when friends talk about their problems over and over together and focus on negative feelings

Answer 29

Co-rumination

Question 30

This foundational theorist, ___________, believed peer relationships were important for development because ___________

Answer 30

Piaget, children learn through disagreements

Question 31

the formation of synapses, the points of contact where information is transmitted between neurons

Answer 31

synaptogenesis

Question 32

the teen brain focuses on developing the ________ system

Answer 32

socioemotional

Question 32

______ activate the neural circuitry involved in reward-processing during adolescence

Answer 32

peers

Question 33

the brain’s _________ does not fully develop until much later into adulthood

Answer 33

cognitive control system

Question 33

This system includes executive functioning skills like self-regulation, inhibition, and planning

Answer 33

cognitive control system

Question 34

the developmental gap between the socioemotional system and the cognitive control system helps to explain ____________

Answer 34

why we see increases in risk-taking during adolescence