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developmental psyc. > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Each one of us originated from two germ cells, ________ and _______

A

an egg and a sperm

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2
Q

Germ cells are produced through _______

A

meiosis

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3
Q

the cell division process that results in a germ cell containing 23 chromosomes

A

meiosis

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4
Q

A fertilized egg is known as a _______

A

zygote

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5
Q

Prenatal development is broken into 3 main stages

A

The germinal period
The embryonic period
The fetal period

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6
Q

The first two weeks of development are known as the _________

A

germinal period

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7
Q

Approximately 4-5 days after fertilization, the zygote enters the ______ from the fallopian tube

A

uterus

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8
Q

The germinal period comes to an end when the _______ is fully embedded

A

blastocyst

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9
Q

a cluster of dividing cells made by a fertilized egg

A

blastocyst

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10
Q

The ___________ lasts from implantation to 8 weeks

A

embryonic period

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11
Q

Embryonic development follows a __________ pattern of development

A

cephalocaudal

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12
Q

means that areas near the head tend to develop first

A

cephalocaudal

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13
Q

The ______ will become the nervous system, nails, teeth, inner ear, eye lens, and epidermis

A

ectoderm

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14
Q

The ______ will become muscles, bones, circulatory system, and skin

A

mesoderm

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15
Q

The ______ will become the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands

A

endoderm

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16
Q

The ________ forms the early brain and spine

A

neural tube

17
Q

a liquid-filled sac in which the embryo floats, helping to protect it and maintain a constant temperature

A

amniotic sac

18
Q

This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby. It also removes waste products from the baby’s blood

A

placenta

19
Q

The ________ begins at the end of the 2nd month and lasts until birth

A

fetal period

20
Q

A _______ is anything that has an adverse impact on development

A

teratogen

21
Q

One of the most infamous teratogens is _________

A

Thalidomide

22
Q

depending on the __________, alcohol may have a different impact on the developing fetus

A

timing of exposure

23
Q

The ____________ describes the magnitude of the response of an organism

A

dose–response relationship

24
Q

the state of being predisposed to, or sensitive to, developing a certain disease

A

genetic susceptibilities

25
Q

The set of genes that an organism carries

A

Genotype

26
Q

Expressed characteristics, influenced by genes and environment

A

Phenotype

27
Q

the study of how nature and nurture contribute to behaviour

A

behavioural genetics

28
Q

_________ is the process through which new neurons are formed in the brain

A

Neurogenesis

29
Q

_________ is the process by which neurons migrate, or move, to their adult location in the brain

A

Neural migration

30
Q

The myelin sheath increases the speed of neural transmission and increases information-processing abilities in the brain

A

Myelination

31
Q

__________ is the process through which neurons form synapses with other neurons, resulting in trillions of connections

A

Synaptogenesis

32
Q

__________ is a normal developmental process through which certain synapses are eliminated

A

Synaptic pruning

33
Q

reflects the capacity of the brain to be affected by experience

A

Plasticity

34
Q

changes in the organisation of the brain that are ubiquitous to individuals within a species

A

experience-expectant plasticity

35
Q

These are specific times when the brain requires a specific form of experience

A

sensitive periods

36
Q

refers to the process by which neural connections are created/reorganized based on an individual’s personal experience

A

Experience-dependant plasticity

developmental psyc. (12 decks)

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