Chapter 10

Question 1

infant monkeys preferred spending time on the ______ mother, even when it did not provide them with food

Answer 1

cloth

Question 2

________ is an enduring emotional bond with a specific person

Answer 2

Attachment

Question 3

According to Bowlby’s attachment theory, children are _________ to develop attachment to their mothers

Answer 3

biologically predisposed

Question 4

Bowlby argued that attachment is _____________ because it increases the chance of survival

Answer 4

evolutionary advantageous

Question 5

the presence of a trusted caregiver provides infants with a sense of security that enables them to safely explore their environment

Answer 5

secure base

Question 6

The ________ is a mental representation of ourselves and relationships constructed based on experiences with caregivers

Answer 6

internal working model

Question 7

The _________ task is specifically designed to heighten infants’ need for the caregiver

Answer 7

strange situation

Question 8

The procedure subjects the child to increasing amounts of stress induced by a strange setting, the entrance of an unfamiliar person, and two brief separations from the parent

Answer 8

strange situation

Question 9

Mary Ainsworth concluded that the quality of infant attachments can be determined by looking at:

Answer 9

Infant reactions to separations from the caregiver and the infant’s use of the caregiver as a secure base

Question 10

Respond promptly to infant’s cues – they are dependable

Answer 10

secure parent

Question 11

Receives both comfort and confidence from presence of caregiver

Answer 11

secure child

Question 12

These parents are unavailable and responds insensitively

Answer 12

insecure avoidant parent

Question 13

Becomes avoidant of caregiver in times of stress because the caregiver is not willing or able to provide comfort

Answer 13

insecure avoidant child

Question 14

These parents response to infant is unpredictable and inconsistent

Answer 14

insecure ambivalent parent

Question 15

Learns that caregiver is unpredictable

Answer 15

insecure ambivalent child

Question 16

Have often suffered trauma in their own attachment histories

Answer 16

insecure disorganized parent

Question 17

Kids who shows fear, confusion, lacks coping strategies

Answer 17

insecure disorganized child

Question 18

is one way in which we can assess attachment styles in adulthood

Answer 18

Adult Attachment Interview

Question 19

When adults describe their attachment relationships in a coherent and congruent manner

Answer 19

Secure - Autonomous

Question 20

Characterized by a dismissal of attachment relationships

Answer 20

Insecure - Dismissing

Question 21

Characterized by a continuing preoccupation with their early attachment relationships

Answer 21

Insecure - Preoccupied

Question 22

Characterized by unresolved trauma or abuse in early attachment relationships

Answer 22

Insecure - Unresolved

Question 23

This test is named after makeup

Answer 23

Rouge test

Question 24

By ___ months, infants start to recognize photos of themselves

Answer 24

20

Question 25

children are asserting their autonomy and recognizing that their wants and perspectives are different from another’s

Answer 25

terrible twos

Question 26

parents who ask children what they think about things and how they feel are also helping them to develop their sense of self

Answer 26

narrative building

Question 27

Children in preschool tend to focus on the _____ attributes of themselves

Answer 27

concrete

Question 28

In elementary school, children engage in more ________

Answer 28

social comparison

Question 29

In early adolescence, children begin to feel _______ about opposing attributes of themselves

Answer 29

conflict

Question 30

All of the stages in Erik Erikson’s theory of ________ are marked by specific conflicts that one must resolve in order to proceed to the next stage of development

Answer 30

psychosocial development

Question 31

________ refers to the self-absorption that marks an adolescent’s search for self-identity

Answer 31

Adolescent egocentrism

Question 32

The ________ refers to the adolescent tendency to believe that all of their experiences are unique in their identity development

Answer 32

personal fable

Question 33

James Marcia formed the idea of different categories of identity formation

Answer 33

crisis and commitment

Question 34

Asha is a 15-month-old infant. While watching her mother get dressed one morning, her mother reaches down and puts some makeup on her nose. According to the Rouge Test, what is Asha most likely to do when she looks in the mirror?

Answer 34

Point at the baby in the mirror, because she doesn’t understand that it is herself

Question 35

Dedication to an identity or set of values prematurely and without compromise is known as identity ________

Answer 35

foreclosure

Question 36

Identity _____- occurs when an individual hasn’t committed to an identity and isn’t working to form one

Answer 36

diffusion

Question 37

A ______ is a state in which adolescents are actively exploring options but have not yet made commitments

Answer 37

moratorium

Question 38

the process of active exploration in which adolescents make a strong commitment to a highly-developed set of beliefs and values

Answer 38

achivement

Question 39

_______ reflects our evaluations of our own worth and abilities

Answer 39

Self-esteem

Question 40

Which kids are the most likely to have the highest self-esteem?

Answer 40

an outgoing 3-year-old

Question 41

inflated praise predicted lower self-esteem in children over time

Answer 41

praise paradox