Chapter 5

Question 1

Describe infant’s visual system

Answer 1

blurry vision
track objects
high contrast

Question 2

psychologists have relied on _________ as an index of infant cognition

Answer 2

“looking time”

Question 3

Using eye gaze, researchers record time to ________

Answer 3

habituate

Question 4

faster habituation time during infancy predicts _____________

Answer 4

intelligence

Question 5

When presented with two stimuli, the infant will demonstrate _________

Answer 5

preferential looking

Question 6

the infant prefers to look at a striped pattern rather than a blank screen

Answer 6

preferential looking

Question 7

_________ are arguably the most important social stimulus for babies

Answer 7

Faces

Question 8

infants will look longer at an impossible event because they __________

Answer 8

Violate of expectation

Question 9

_________ allows us to test whether infants can discriminate between objects by measuring looking time between the old and new stimuli

Answer 9

habituation

Question 10

For infants one of the first categories they develop is ___________

Answer 10

living vs. non-living things

Question 11

how an object looks?

Answer 11

perceptual features

Question 12

does an object move or make a sound?

Answer 12

functional features

Question 13

that when one event occurs, it can cause another event to occur

Answer 13

causality

Question 14

a machine that lights up and plays music when certain objects (controlled by the experimenter) are placed on top of it

Answer 14

blicket detector

Question 15

What is a young child likely to develop after having an understanding of living vs. non-living things?

Answer 15

Frogs (a basic category)

Question 16

___________ is also an important factor contributing to infants’ understanding of space

Answer 16

Self-propelled locomotion

Question 17

When you’re counting, each thing you count only gets one number

Answer 17

one-to-one correspondence

Question 18

You have to count in the same order every time (1,2,3… not 5,3,8)

Answer 18

stable order

Question 19

The number you stop at is the number of objects you have

Answer 19

cardinality

Question 20

You can count the items in any order (e.g., counting blocks right to left is the same number as left to right)

Answer 20

order irrelevance

Question 20

Noah, a toddler, just learning to count. When counting his blocks, he says: “1, 3, 4, 2” and exclaims that she has 2 blocks. Noah has yet to grasp which of the following principles?

Answer 20

Stable order

Question 21

What is the of the primary reason that young children have difficulty categorizing plants as living things?

Answer 21

Plants generally lack voluntary movement

Question 22

Newborn babies have a preference for the way living things move

Answer 22

biomotion

Question 23

behaviours that are oriented towards attaining a particular goal (ToM)

Answer 23

goal-directed action

Question 23

having a knowledge other people’s mental states and how those mental states relate to behaviour

Answer 23

Theory of Mind

Question 24

For example, around 18 months, a toddler could understand that although his favourite food is bananas, his mom’s favourite food might be an apple.

Answer 24

diverse desires