Chapter 7 Flashcards
_________ is the learning that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired
classical conditioning
_______ argued that he could take any child and raise them to be anything, no matter their background or inheritance
Watson
Through repeated pairings of a white rat with a loud, distressing noise, Watson conditioned _______ to become fearful of white rats
Little Albert
a learning process whereby behaviour is influenced by its consequences
operant conditioning
behaviours which are followed by pleasant consequences are likely to be repeated, whereas behaviours that are followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
Punishment ________ the frequency of an undesirable behaviour
decreases
Reinforcement _______ the frequency of desirable behaviour
increases
The behaviour modification strategy of “time out” is based on _________?
Any form of attention can be a positive reinforcement. By removing all stimuli, time out is a negative punishment.
Who said that people can learn simply by observing someone else’s behaviour?
Bandura’s
what showed that children can learn through observation and later imitating the same behaviors with a combination of environmental and cognitive processes?
Bobo Doll Experiment
here is a tendency to repeat behaviours that we see others being rewarded for
vicarious reinforcement
T or F, learning does not equal behaviour?
True
learning (a cognitive process) and the actual performance/imitation (a behaviour)
child may be more likely to imitate a behaviour that ________________
they are paying attention to
individual’s beliefs about how effectively they can control their own behaviours, thoughts, and emotions in order to achieve a desired goal
perceived self-efficacy
an example of high academic self-efficacy?
a student who perceives that they have the ability to be successful academically, they are more likely to study, go to class, and participate in school activities
