Chapter 8

Question 1

nomothetic view

Answer 1

believing that all traits exist in some form in every person

Question 2

idiographic view

Answer 2

believing that each person has a unique set of traits

Question 3

Jung’s 2 attitudes

Answer 3

introversion and extraversion

Question 4

Jung’s functions

Answer 4

sensation/intuition
thinking/feeling
judgement/perception

Question 5

what view did Jung take on traits?

Answer 5

nomothetic

Question 6

Allport’s main thought on traits

Answer 6

we appear differently across situations (because our traits come out differently)

Question 7

person-environment interaction

Answer 7

our personality changes depending on the situation

Question 8

functional equivalence

Answer 8

when our bhvr may seem predictable bc we tend to see situations in the same way

Question 9

personal disposition

Answer 9

trait unique to the person

Question 10

functional autonomy of motives

Answer 10

a lot of our motives become independent from the original experiences they rooted from

Question 11

proprium

Answer 11

core of personality made up of central dispositions

Question 12

central dispositions

Answer 12

small group of traits that best describe our personality

Question 13

cardinal dispositions

Answer 13

trait that dominates our personality

Question 14

secondary dispositions

Answer 14

infrequent/inconsistent traits

Question 15

what view did Allport take on traits

Answer 15

idiographic

Question 16

Cattell’s factor analysis

Answer 16

enter a bunch of data and items that are highly correlated will be clustered together

Question 17

Cattell’s lexical hypothesis

Answer 17

the most important traits are represented by the largest # of words

Question 18

q-data
t-data
l-data

Answer 18

q: data from self reports and questionnaires
t: observational ratings
l: life data

Question 19

what data did Cattell gather

Answer 19

q data; to look at adjectives people rated themselves and others on

Question 20

Eysenck’s 2 supertraits

Answer 20

extraversions: outgoing, sensation seeking, social butterfly
neuroticism: anxious, trouble connecting, uncomfortable in the world

Question 21

component traits

Answer 21

our habits and preferences

Question 22

4 personality types according to Eysenck

Answer 22

Introversion and emotional stability: controlled, careful, thoughtful, calm
Introversion and neuroticism: highly anxious, quiet, withdrawn, contained
Extraversion and emotional stability: tons of friends, not a lot of worry, easygoing, kind, socially skilled
Extraversion and neuroticism: anxious, hard time managing emotions, outwardly focused, sometimes histrionic, impulsive, sometimes aggressive, very excitable

Question 23

Eysenck’s psychoticism

Answer 23

emotionally detached, manipulative, lacking empathy, enjoying seeing others in pain

Question 24

the closer the culture is to ________ ________, the better the 5 factor model works

Answer 24

northern european (Western, UK, France, Germany, etc)

Question 25

who has more financial problems due to their impulsive tendency?

Answer 25

extraverts

Question 26

who experiences negative emotions more often and intensely?

Answer 26

neurotic individuals

Question 27

who tends to have poor academic performance due to their stress and emotional instability

Answer 27

neurotic ppl

Question 28

who has a focus on relationships, are emotionally supportive, cooperative, and sympathetic

Answer 28

agreeable ppl

Question 29

opposite of agreeable

Answer 29

skepticism, cynicism, hostile, grandiosity, egocentric

Question 30

who are less likely to cheat and more likely to live longer bc they carefully think about the outcomes of their bhvr

Answer 30

conscientious ppl

Question 31

who tend to have a higher IQ, live longer bc of their positive outlook, and have more short term sexual satisfaction

Answer 31

open individuals

Question 32

which alternative perspective trait isn't added to the big 5 bc many say it's a component of agreeableness?

Answer 32

honesty/humility

Question 33

dark triad of psychoticism

Answer 33

nonclinical psychopathy nonclinical narcissism machiavellianism

Question 34

nonclinical psychopathy traits

Answer 34

impulsive, lack empathy, risk takers, unemotional

Question 35

nonclinical narcissism traits

Answer 35

entitled, sense of superiority, arrogant

Question 36

machiavellianism traits

Answer 36

cynical, manipulative, use others in pursuit of one's own goals, cold

Question 37

socialization vs actulization

Answer 37

socialization: low neuroticism, agreeable, conscientious; becoming a more stable person actualization: extraversion and openness; developing to one's full potential

Question 38

what does Jung call socialization and actualization

Answer 38

soc: stability act: plasticity

Question 39

tradeoff b/w what when determining number of traits used in pers tests

Answer 39

parsimony and predictability

Question 40

Murray's 4 basic needs

Answer 40

achievement: need to meet goals affiliation: need to be connected to others power and dominance: need to ctrl others exhibition: need to be recognized

Question 41

expressiveness

Answer 41

degree to which emotions are revealed through behaviour

Question 42

who is better at faking emotions

Answer 42

ppl with a highly expressive style

Question 43

spiritual transcendence

Answer 43

ability to stand outside your immediate sense of space and view life from a broader perspective

Question 44

prayer fulfillment

Answer 44

feelings of joy from connection to transcendent

Question 45

universality

Answer 45

recognizing that one part of humanity being affected will affect the whole

Question 46

personality coherence

Answer 46

traits stay the same but the way they're expressed changes

Question 47

mean lvl vs rank order changes

Answer 47

mean: how pers changes w age rank: how your pers changes compared to others your age

Question 48

quantum changes

Answer 48

radical changes in pers

Question 49

stability of the big 5 traits

Answer 49

agreeableness: lower in ado; increases thru adulthood neuroticism: higher in ado but decrease over time conscientious: loewr in ado, increases over time open: increases in adulthood, plateaus, may decrease in elder years extraversion: social dom increases thru YA then stabilizes; social vit settles around 25 and decreases in later adulthood

Question 50

social dominance vs vitality

Answer 50

dom: assertive, active, excitement seeking vit: sociable, warm, positive

Question 51

social investment theory

Answer 51

young ppl's personalities mature as they take on more adult roles

Question 52

maturation of responsibilty

Answer 52

the roles placed upon us in adulthood require us to mature (according to social investment theory) - increased consc, decreased neur, increases agr