Chapter 5

Question 1

bhvrl genomics

Answer 1

how genes and their networks function with each other and the env. to influence bhvr

Question 2

bhvrl genetics

Answer 2

how indiv. difs in biology affect bhvr

Question 3

main dif b/w bhvrl genomics and genetics

Answer 3

genomics is broad/genetics is narrow

Question 4

most personalit traits have a heritability score of what

Answer 4

0.4 to 0.6

Question 5

which OCEAN traits have a very strong genetics influence?

Answer 5

neuroticism and extraversion

Question 6

how many genes are traits affected by

Answer 6

multiple

Question 7

exons

Answer 7

coding regions of DNA

Question 8

introns and what they do

Answer 8

noncoding regions of DNA; try to change the expression of exons

Question 9

DNA methylation

Answer 9

when introns determine if an exon’s turned on or off

Question 10

positional cloning

Answer 10

replacing faulty genetic code with new and improved codes that’ve been cloned to match the person’s genetics as much as possible

Question 11

4 aspects of temperament

Answer 11

activity
emotionality
sociability
impulsivity/aggression

Question 12

temperament is relatively ______ thru life

Answer 12

stable

Question 13

temperament is present at ____ and evident from _________

Answer 13

birth; early childhood

Question 14

temperament is determined by

Answer 14

genetic factors

Question 15

can temperament change

Answer 15

yes, w/ maturation

Question 16

3 general temperaments

Answer 16

extraversion: positive emotion and sociable
neuroticism: negative emotion and withdrawing
impulsivity: lack of constraint and sensation seeking

Question 17

which type of person is more sensitive to stimuli

Answer 17

introverts

Question 18

3 bran-bhvr systems according to ______

Answer 18

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory:
1. fight/flight/freeze
2. bhvrl activation
3. bhvrl inhibition

Question 19

fight/flight is related to which NT?

Answer 19

serotonin

Question 20

the bhvrl activation system is associated with what?

Answer 20

-responses to rewarding stimuli
-increased activity in left prenatal cortex

Question 21

bhvrl activation system is related to which NT

Answer 21

dopamine

Question 22

bhvrl inhibition system is sensitive to what

Answer 22

punishment and cautiousness

Question 23

bhvrl inhibition is associated w/ which NTs?

Answer 23

dopamine and NE

Question 24

left frontal cortex

Answer 24

approach bhvrs and positive emotions

Question 25

right frontal cortex

Answer 25

withdrawing bhvrs and negative emotions

Question 26

cortex asymmetry

Answer 26

someone responds more intensely to one cortex over the other (ex: left asymmetry means they're more positive and outgoing)

Question 27

meditation has been found to ______ L cortex activity

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

who has more grey matter in the right hemisphere

Answer 28

introverts

Question 29

extraverts and those high in neuroticism have a very _______ amygdala

Answer 29

active

Question 30

characteristics of high sensation seekers

Answer 30

constantly needing new stimuli to excite them get easily bored with relationships do well in intense situations

Question 31

why do those low in impulsivity tend to do better in everyday life

Answer 31

theres more reward for self regulation

Question 32

results of increased testosterone

Answer 32

increased aggression, sensation seeking and dominant

Question 33

dopamine level of sensation seekers

Answer 33

typically low; reason for them always looking for exciting things

Question 34

what NT is associated w/ high conscientousness and low impulsivity

Answer 34

serotonin

Question 35

NE level of those with high impulsivity

Answer 35

low

Question 36

what can create a huge release of testosterone

Answer 36

a win; for people with high power motivation

Question 37

is testosterone higher in single ppl or those in relationships

Answer 37

single

Question 38

shared vs nonshared environments

Answer 38

nonshared environments tell us a lot about people's individual difs; shared do not

Question 39

contrast effect

Answer 39

when siblings try to differentiate themselves from each other

Question 40

genotype-environment interaction

Answer 40

ppl respond dif. to the same environment due to their genotype

Question 41

passive gene-env corr.

Answer 41

parents provide genes and environment for child

Question 42

reactive gen-env. corr

Answer 42

genes elicity a response from others that encourage the genotype

Question 43

active gene-env corr

Answer 43

person chooses the environments that encourage their genotype

Question 44

positive gene-env corr

Answer 44

conditions are favorable for developing a certain characteristic

Question 45

negative gene-env corr

Answer 45

conditions lead to lack of dev for a particular characteristic

Question 46

sociobiology

Answer 46

study of the influence of evolutionary biology on social bhvr

Question 47

social Darwinism

Answer 47

societies and cultures could be more/less genetically advantaged

Question 48

protective factor of connecting with others/attachment

Answer 48

the more people we connect with, the more we can learn survival techniques from them