Chapter 12

Question 1

psychosomatic medicine

Answer 1

idea that psychological problems could lead to physical problems

Question 2

what did Freud think physical problems could generate

Answer 2

mental issues

Question 3

type T people

Answer 3

thrill seeking people

Question 4

the sick role

Answer 4

set of expectations about how you should behave when you’re not healthy

Question 5

why are people diagnosed with depression more likely to take on the sick role?

Answer 5

because there’s more forgiveness for physical illness than mental illness

Question 6

somatopsychic effect

Answer 6

when disease affects our personality

Question 7

common example of the somatopsychic effect

Answer 7

people who overcome cancer usually end up being more optimistic

Question 8

diathesis

Answer 8

predisposition to a disease/weakness/disorder

Question 9

stress (in terms of diathesis stress)

Answer 9

environmental circumstances that trigger the predisposition

Question 10

what is diathesis stress highly dependent on?

Answer 10

how we interpret the circumstances in our environment (whether they stress us out or not)

Question 11

environmental factors known to lead to pers. disorders

Answer 11

emotionally distant parents
inconsistent/harsh parenting
parents who used shame as a form of control
parents low in affection

Question 12

men are more likely to have which personality disorders?

Answer 12

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, antisocial

Question 13

personality disorders decrease with ______

Answer 13

age

Question 14

big 5 of pathological personality

Answer 14

negative affectivity
detachment
antagonism
disinhibition
psychoticism

Question 15

negative affectivity

Answer 15

extreme neuroticism, restricted emotions, anxiety, emotional instability, hostility

Question 16

detachment

Answer 16

extreme introversion, suspiciousness, depression, avoidance of intimacy, withdrawal

Question 17

antagonism

Answer 17

extremely low agreeableness, manipulative, deceitfulness, attention seeking, grandiosity

Question 18

disinhibition

Answer 18

Extremely low conscientiousness, impulsive, irresponsible, distractible, risk taking

Question 19

psychoticism

Answer 19

Extreme openness to experience, eccentricity, perceptual dysregulation, unusual beliefs and experiences, breaks with reality

Question 20

side effects of high neuroticism

Answer 20

headaches
stomach problems
heart disease
high BP
obesity
immunosuppression
shortening of telomeres

Question 21

immunosuppression

Answer 21

immune system becomes depleted

Question 22

telomeres

Answer 22

ends of chromosomes (mitosis)

Question 23

type D personality

Answer 23

distressed personality: high neuroticism and high social inhibition

Question 24

type D ppl are at higher risk for what?

Answer 24

mental health issues, high BP, sleep problems

Question 25

2 downsides to type D people hiding their negative affect

Answer 25

1. inhibiting anxiety has negative effects on SNS and immune system 2. they are often so good at it that even their friends can't tell

Question 26

which pers. type is a predisposition to heart problems

Answer 26

type D

Question 27

type A personality

Answer 27

Confrontational, highly competitive, driven towards excessive achievement, total mastery and control of their world, hostile when frustrated

Question 28

hostility makes type A ppl prone to what

Answer 28

heart disease and high WBC counts

Question 29

big 5 traits of type A

Answer 29

Excessive conscientiousness, highly neurotic, low agreeableness (not always;; if it's there it's the kicker to heart problems, low extraversion)

Question 30

which personality type doesnt have the best diet or rarely visits doctor

Answer 30

type A

Question 31

why can learned helplessness lead to physical disease

Answer 31

bc those ppl often stay in negative situations longer and can generate negative emotions, eventually neg. health

Question 32

personality factors that reduce risk of physical disease

Answer 32

high conscientiousness self regulation extraversion - social support weak to moderate need for affiliation optimism

Question 33

extraverts have a higher social capital what does this mean

Answer 33

they tend to know more ppl so their chances of having ppl to support them emotionally is higher

Question 34

what is a need for power associated with (3)

Answer 34

chronic BP immune system issues lower level of natural killer cells

Question 35

our sense of self can be dependent on others if what?

Answer 35

if our need for affiliation is too strong

Question 36

ACE

Answer 36

adverse childhood experiences: negative childhood experiences from 0-17yrs

Question 37

ACE can affect what in the brain

Answer 37

make amygdala more active, increased vigilance impairs frontal cortex functioning

Question 38

just world hypothesis

Answer 38

people assume someone's negative situation is due to their own actions as a way to protect themselves from believing that something negative could also happen to them

Question 39

self healing personality

Answer 39

- Stay true to their values - See challenges as an opportunity to shine/grow rather than a threat - Have internal locus of control - Strong sense of commitment to something/goals ○ Associated with better health - Flow, respond to life with excitement - Don't fear change/innovation - Trusting of others/support - Hardy personality: control, commitment, meaning High agreeableness, high openness to experience, low neuroticism

Question 40

2 types of self healing personalities

Answer 40

1. Active and enthusiastic type * Seek out stimulation, extraverted, spontaneous, open to experience 2. Calm and relaxed * Active, alert, responsive, self regulating, introverted, content with life

Question 41

broaden and build model of positive emotions

Answer 41

having positive emotions allows you to broaden your perspective, skills, abilities; use emotions as a chance to expand your resources and supports

Question 42

sense of coherence

Answer 42

confidence that your world is understandable and meaningful

Question 43

salutogenesis

Answer 43

individual life events that don't have to all be understood, but the world has at least some form of order in the larger perspective