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Psyc of Personality > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

psychoanalysis and what it uses to understand bhvr

A

study of the dynamics of the mind; symbolism

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2
Q

preconscious and its role

A
  1. “barely conscious”/ things in our memory that we’re not aware of presently
  2. prevents what’s in the unconscious from coming to the conscious
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3
Q

3 ways that the unconscious is revealed

A
  1. hypnosis
  2. free association - patients speak “free flow” after an initial prompt from therapist
  3. dream analysis
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4
Q

Freud tried to reveal which patients’ unconscious?

A

those who were manifesting blindness, psychosis, and other mental illnesses

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5
Q

those who undergo what are more susceptible to false memories?

A

hypnosis

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6
Q

where did Freud think our desires stemmed from?

A

the unconscious

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7
Q

drive and the 2 classes

A
  1. a biological need and its psychological state
  2. eros and thanatos
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8
Q

eros

A

life/sexual drives

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9
Q

thanatos

A

death drives, desire to revert back to nothing/retreat

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10
Q

what can thanatos move us towards

A

aggression towards others

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11
Q

catharsis

A

the tension of a drive that’s released after a buildup

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12
Q

mood congruent recall

A

when you’re feeling a certain way, you’re more likely to remember other times when you were feeling that same way

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13
Q

what proves catharsis doesn’t always work and actually fuels the feeling?

A

mood congruent recall

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14
Q

Freud’s id and its processes

A
  1. pleasure principle - seeks pleasure and avoids pain
  2. primary: illogical and unconscious processes
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15
Q

reflex action

A

immediate physical action

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16
Q

wish fulfillment

A

forming a mental image of whatever would satisfy a drive ; however the id never really satisfies its drives

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17
Q

Freud’s ego and its processes

A
  1. zero morality or compassion
  2. secondary: logic and reasoning to satisfy the id
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18
Q

identification

A

matching the id’s images to real world events

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19
Q

delay the discharge

A

waiting until it’s appropriate to release the id’s tension

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20
Q

reality testing

A

the best plan of action to satisfy needs and gratify needs

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21
Q

Freud’s superego and what it monitors

A

the morality center; morality and social desirability

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22
Q

introjection

A

incorporating the values of parents and society

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23
Q

2 subsystems of introjection

A
  1. ego ideal- rules for good bhvr
  2. conscience- rules about which bhvrs the parents disapprove of
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24
Q

superego’s 3 goals

A
  1. prevent id impulses that would be disapproved of
  2. get ego to act morally and rationally
  3. guide the person towards perfection
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25
Q

cathexis

A

when the libido becomes obsessed with an object

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26
Q

erogenous zone

A

libido becomes attached to a part of the body

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27
Q

fixation

A

getting stuck in a particular state

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28
Q

when does personality finally stay consistent?

A

around 30yrs

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29
Q

2 ways to become fixated

A
  1. leftover energy in that area
  2. you had too much fun at one stage
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30
Q

oral stage attachment and age

A
  1. mouth
  2. birth-18mo
31
Q

2 oral phases

A
  1. oral incorporative: hunger drives; if satisfied kids develop trust and optimism/if not satisfied kids are pessimistic and have mistrust
  2. oral sadistic: 6-18mo, fixated people are sarcastic and verbally aggressive
32
Q

bhvrs of someone fixated at the oral incorporative phase

A

drinking, smoking, very gullible

33
Q

anal stage attachment and age

A
  1. anal area
  2. 18mo-3yrs
34
Q

2 toilet training approaches

A
  1. focus on reinforcement: children feel competent and learn about productivity
  2. focus on punishment
35
Q

2 patterns resulting from punishment toilet training approach:

A
  1. anal expulsive: messy, destructive, uninhibited, unconventional, generous, creative
  2. anal retentive: neat, stingy, perfectionists, stubborn
36
Q

phallic stage attachment and age

A
  1. genitals, shifts attention from self to opposite sex parent
    - girls: self>mom>dad
    - boys: self>mom
  2. 3-5yrs
37
Q

castration anxiety

A

boys fearing that their father will take their penis/masculinity

38
Q

what feeling often comes with the oedipus complex?

A

guilt about disliking the father

39
Q

identification and where it’s common

A
  1. believing someone is better than you at something so you try to become them
  2. oedipus complex
40
Q

2 outcomes of fixation in the oedipus complex

A
  1. boy never loses attraction to mother > overdependence on mom
  2. boy never loses identification with father > super masculine bhvrs
41
Q

electra complex

A

girls feel less than bc they don’t have a penis, they blame their mom and shift attraction to father

42
Q

3 forms of hysterical character and when it’s seen

A
  1. women bash masculine bhvrs
  2. women take on many masculine bhvrs
  3. women are promiscuous
  4. electra complex
43
Q

latency period

A

6-12yrs, libido goes somewhat dormant and puts energy towards socializing/learning restraint, Freud kinda gave up on this stage lol

44
Q

genital stage focus and age

A
  1. Freud said people choose partners similar to their opposite sex parent; libido shifts from self to others
  2. adolescence through adulthood
45
Q

what did Freud say was the reason for relationship problems?

A

partners never getting to the genital stage in development

46
Q

people with increased _______ have more nightmares

A

neuroticism

47
Q

people with decreased_______ and increased ________ have more dreams of flying

A

neuroticism; openness

48
Q

highly _______ people see more ppl in their dreams

A

agreeable

49
Q

people with increased ______ see more strangers in their dreams/more likely to remember their dreams

A

openness

50
Q

parapraxes

A

memory lapses, mislaid objects, Freudian slips

51
Q

symbolic bhvrs

A

seemingly innocent bhvrs that reveal unconscious desires

52
Q

what did Freud look at during free association as a sign of anxiety?

A

hesitation, nonresponses and trying to explain responses

53
Q

3 types of anxiety

A
  1. reality anxiety: from danger in the world
  2. neurotic anxiety: unconscious fear that id impulses will get out of control and result in punishment
  3. moral anxiety: fear resulting from violating a moral code (shame and guilt)
54
Q

what are defense mecs used for

A

neurotic and moral anxiety

55
Q

are we aware of our defense mecs

A

they’re usually apart of the unconscious

56
Q

who developed defense mecs

A

Anna Freud

57
Q

repression

A

pushing anxiety provoking thoughts into our unconscious

58
Q

suppression

A

consciously trying to push away the negative thoughts/trauma

59
Q

denial

A

pushing away an obvious, external event

60
Q

reaction formation

A

flipping a thought we once had into the opposite and letting people know

61
Q

projection

A

taking something that you believe about yourself that you dislike and putting it onto someone else

62
Q

displacement

A

having a negative feeling towards someone/thing and the person releases the energy into something else out of fear that releasing it into the source would have negative consequences

63
Q

sublimination

A

form of displacement; turning your negative emotions into more positive ones

64
Q

rationalization

A

removing anxiety by focusing on logic and rationale

65
Q

intellectualization

A

removing the emotion from the situation; only looking at rational perspective

66
Q

undoing

A

defense mec; did something that creates anxiety so you try to nullify the bhvr
ex: knock on wood

67
Q

defensive pessimism

A

convincing yourself you’re not up to the task; people do this so that the letdown isn’t as harmful if they fail

68
Q

regression

A

dealing with anxiety by reverting back to an earlier stage of life

69
Q

resistance

A

patients in therapy try to avoid getting to a certain subject by cancelling appointments, changing the subject, etc

70
Q

transference

A

Freud said that if a patient acts angrily/sexually towards their therapist, it’s a sign that they’re approaching the source/unconscious

71
Q

how are Freud’s theories generative theories?

A

lots of people relate to his theories in their own

72
Q

implicit memory

A

knowing things that we weren’t even aware we knew

73
Q

some reasons why Freud’s theories are hard to do research on

A

-not parsimonious
-concepts are hard to measure ex: libido
-his theories are based on small, narrow samples
-Freud did not consider cultural difference at all

74
Q

what does “Freud was directive with clients” mean

A

he would tell them what he was expecting to hear back/would tell them what their comments mean as if they were 100% truth

Psyc of Personality (15 decks)

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