Chapter 3 Flashcards
1
Q
psychoanalysis and what it uses to understand bhvr
A
study of the dynamics of the mind; symbolism
2
Q
preconscious and its role
A
- “barely conscious”/ things in our memory that we’re not aware of presently
- prevents what’s in the unconscious from coming to the conscious
3
Q
3 ways that the unconscious is revealed
A
- hypnosis
- free association - patients speak “free flow” after an initial prompt from therapist
- dream analysis
4
Q
Freud tried to reveal which patients’ unconscious?
A
those who were manifesting blindness, psychosis, and other mental illnesses
5
Q
those who undergo what are more susceptible to false memories?
A
hypnosis
6
Q
where did Freud think our desires stemmed from?
A
the unconscious
7
Q
drive and the 2 classes
A
- a biological need and its psychological state
- eros and thanatos
8
Q
eros
A
life/sexual drives
9
Q
thanatos
A
death drives, desire to revert back to nothing/retreat
10
Q
what can thanatos move us towards
A
aggression towards others
11
Q
catharsis
A
the tension of a drive that’s released after a buildup
12
Q
mood congruent recall
A
when you’re feeling a certain way, you’re more likely to remember other times when you were feeling that same way
13
Q
what proves catharsis doesn’t always work and actually fuels the feeling?
A
mood congruent recall
14
Q
Freud’s id and its processes
A
- pleasure principle - seeks pleasure and avoids pain
- primary: illogical and unconscious processes
15
Q
reflex action
A
immediate physical action
16
Q
wish fulfillment
A
forming a mental image of whatever would satisfy a drive ; however the id never really satisfies its drives
17
Q
Freud’s ego and its processes
A
- zero morality or compassion
- secondary: logic and reasoning to satisfy the id
18
Q
identification
A
matching the id’s images to real world events
19
Q
delay the discharge
A
waiting until it’s appropriate to release the id’s tension
20
Q
reality testing
A
the best plan of action to satisfy needs and gratify needs
21
Q
Freud’s superego and what it monitors
A
the morality center; morality and social desirability
22
Q
introjection
A
incorporating the values of parents and society
23
Q
2 subsystems of introjection
A
- ego ideal- rules for good bhvr
- conscience- rules about which bhvrs the parents disapprove of
24
Q
superego’s 3 goals
A
- prevent id impulses that would be disapproved of
- get ego to act morally and rationally
- guide the person towards perfection
25
cathexis
when the libido becomes obsessed with an object
26
erogenous zone
libido becomes attached to a part of the body
27
fixation
getting stuck in a particular state
28
when does personality finally stay consistent?
around 30yrs
29
2 ways to become fixated
1. leftover energy in that area
2. you had too much fun at one stage
30
oral stage attachment and age
1. mouth
2. birth-18mo
31
2 oral phases
1. oral incorporative: hunger drives; if satisfied kids develop trust and optimism/if not satisfied kids are pessimistic and have mistrust
2. oral sadistic: 6-18mo, fixated people are sarcastic and verbally aggressive
32
bhvrs of someone fixated at the oral incorporative phase
drinking, smoking, very gullible
33
anal stage attachment and age
1. anal area
2. 18mo-3yrs
34
2 toilet training approaches
1. focus on reinforcement: children feel competent and learn about productivity
2. focus on punishment
35
2 patterns resulting from punishment toilet training approach:
1. anal expulsive: messy, destructive, uninhibited, unconventional, generous, creative
2. anal retentive: neat, stingy, perfectionists, stubborn
36
phallic stage attachment and age
1. genitals, shifts attention from self to opposite sex parent
- girls: self>mom>dad
- boys: self>mom
2. 3-5yrs
37
castration anxiety
boys fearing that their father will take their penis/masculinity
38
what feeling often comes with the oedipus complex?
guilt about disliking the father
39
identification and where it's common
1. believing someone is better than you at something so you try to become them
2. oedipus complex
40
2 outcomes of fixation in the oedipus complex
1. boy never loses attraction to mother > overdependence on mom
2. boy never loses identification with father > super masculine bhvrs
41
electra complex
girls feel less than bc they don't have a penis, they blame their mom and shift attraction to father
42
3 forms of hysterical character and when it's seen
1. women bash masculine bhvrs
2. women take on many masculine bhvrs
3. women are promiscuous
4. electra complex
43
latency period
6-12yrs, libido goes somewhat dormant and puts energy towards socializing/learning restraint, Freud kinda gave up on this stage lol
44
genital stage focus and age
1. Freud said people choose partners similar to their opposite sex parent; libido shifts from self to others
2. adolescence through adulthood
45
what did Freud say was the reason for relationship problems?
partners never getting to the genital stage in development
46
people with increased _______ have more nightmares
neuroticism
47
people with decreased_______ and increased ________ have more dreams of flying
neuroticism; openness
48
highly _______ people see more ppl in their dreams
agreeable
49
people with increased ______ see more strangers in their dreams/more likely to remember their dreams
openness
50
parapraxes
memory lapses, mislaid objects, Freudian slips
51
symbolic bhvrs
seemingly innocent bhvrs that reveal unconscious desires
52
what did Freud look at during free association as a sign of anxiety?
hesitation, nonresponses and trying to explain responses
53
3 types of anxiety
1. reality anxiety: from danger in the world
2. neurotic anxiety: unconscious fear that id impulses will get out of control and result in punishment
3. moral anxiety: fear resulting from violating a moral code (shame and guilt)
54
what are defense mecs used for
neurotic and moral anxiety
55
are we aware of our defense mecs
they're usually apart of the unconscious
56
who developed defense mecs
Anna Freud
57
repression
pushing anxiety provoking thoughts into our unconscious
58
suppression
consciously trying to push away the negative thoughts/trauma
59
denial
pushing away an obvious, external event
60
reaction formation
flipping a thought we once had into the opposite and letting people know
61
projection
taking something that you believe about yourself that you dislike and putting it onto someone else
62
displacement
having a negative feeling towards someone/thing and the person releases the energy into something else out of fear that releasing it into the source would have negative consequences
63
sublimination
form of displacement; turning your negative emotions into more positive ones
64
rationalization
removing anxiety by focusing on logic and rationale
65
intellectualization
removing the emotion from the situation; only looking at rational perspective
66
undoing
defense mec; did something that creates anxiety so you try to nullify the bhvr
ex: knock on wood
67
defensive pessimism
convincing yourself you're not up to the task; people do this so that the letdown isn't as harmful if they fail
68
regression
dealing with anxiety by reverting back to an earlier stage of life
69
resistance
patients in therapy try to avoid getting to a certain subject by cancelling appointments, changing the subject, etc
70
transference
Freud said that if a patient acts angrily/sexually towards their therapist, it's a sign that they're approaching the source/unconscious
71
how are Freud's theories generative theories?
lots of people relate to his theories in their own
72
implicit memory
knowing things that we weren't even aware we knew
73
some reasons why Freud's theories are hard to do research on
-not parsimonious
-concepts are hard to measure ex: libido
-his theories are based on small, narrow samples
-Freud did not consider cultural difference at all
74
what does "Freud was directive with clients" mean
he would tell them what he was expecting to hear back/would tell them what their comments mean as if they were 100% truth
