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Psyc of Personality > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 ways of understanding personality

A
  1. objective methods - researcher has zero influence on results
  2. subjective methods - relies on researchers interpretation
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2
Q

identity claims

A

things in someone’s environment that are intended for other people

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3
Q

feeling/emotion regulators

A

things in someone’s environment that are there to make them feel good

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4
Q

behavioral residues

A

the leftovers of your bhvrs

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5
Q

experience sampling

A

immediate sampling of bhvr

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6
Q

infomant reports

A

asking others involved with the individual about their bhvr (for ppl with disabilities and kids mostly)

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7
Q

what are clinical interviews used for

A

assess characteristics associated with abnormal bhvr

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8
Q

archival/life outcomes data

A

examining official documents, journals, social media, etc

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9
Q

projective tests

A

intended to reveal unconscious motives

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10
Q

5 categories of projective tests

A

association techniques - word association, Rorschach
construction techniques - draw a person test, TAT
completion techniques - finish a sentence/comic
arrangement/selection of stimuli
expression techniques

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11
Q

physiological measures

A

autonomic arousal (amygdala and SNS)

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12
Q

5 types of response sets

A

acquiescence - agreeing w/ everything
reactant - disagree with everything
extreme responding - avoid middle of scale
moderate responding - only respond in the middle
social desirability bias - people lie to present themselves in a “good” way

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13
Q

lie scales

A

questions that can indicate if people have a strong social desirability bias

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14
Q

what does the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale show

A

people are showing increased levels of individualism and are falling less prey to social desirability

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15
Q

reliability

A

producing the same results over time

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16
Q

internal reliability

A

all items on the scale measure the same thing

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17
Q

test-retest reliability

A

the same individual will produce similar results over time

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18
Q

parallel-forms reliability

A

2 measures the have the same measure/form

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19
Q

split-half reliability

A

make 1 test, divide in 2, administer each half as their own test

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20
Q

construct validity

A

measuring what’s intended to be measured

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21
Q

content validity

A

the items in the measure reflect what’s wanted to be measured

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22
Q

face validity

A

is it obvious what the measure is intending to measure?

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23
Q

convergent validity

A

the measure is highly correlated with another measure that it should be

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24
Q

divergent validity

A

the measure is not highly correlated with measures it should not be

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25
Q

value judgements

A

assuming one whole group is inherently a certain trait/acts a certain way

26
Q

Barnum Effect

A

when people believe that general descriptions fit their personality, believe in astrology, palm readings, pseudoscience

27
Q

criterion keying approach to developing personality assessments

A

recognizing that a group of items fit a certain trait

28
Q

nomothetic vs ideographic

A

nomothetic: pers. characteristics of a group of people
ideographic: pers. characteristics of an individual

29
Q

do correlations or experiments look at bhvr in shorter durations

A

experiments

30
Q

triangulation

A

using multiple methods for 1 study

31
Q

meta-analysis

A

summarize all of the findings about whatever you’re studying

32
Q

many labs approach

A

the same experiment conducted in a new physical location can make a study more representative

33
Q

open practice studies

A

give all relevant information in their published study

34
Q

ways to increase confidence in results

A

triangulation
sufficient sample size
replication
meta-analysis
many labs approach
open practices

35
Q

Pirate test

A

a parent observed how their 2 kids reacted differently to seeing a pirate

36
Q

Affective Communication Test

A

measure of charisma

37
Q

error variance

A

variations caused by chance fluctuations

38
Q

Thematic Apperception Test and who created it

A

common projective test created by Henry Murray and Christine Morgan, participants makes a story about a picture; concerns about reliability and validity

39
Q

criterion validity

A

whether the measure predicts to outcome criteria

40
Q

3 major sources of bias in pers. assessments

A

ethnic bias
gender bias
response sets

41
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; 500 T/F statements, no longer administered in job interviews bc is now considered an invasion of privacy

42
Q

NEO Personality Inventory

A

5 basic dimensions (OCEAN)

43
Q

Personality Research Form

A

measures basic needs and motivations (Murray)

44
Q

MBTI

A

Myers Briggs Type Indicator, based on Carl Jung’s theory

45
Q

advantage of Q sorts

A

items are held constant but the context can change (ex: “now rank them based on your mom, dad, brother, etc.)

46
Q

phrenology

A

assessing pers. by feeling the bumps of their skull, Franz Joseph Gall

47
Q

EEG

A

evoked potential, brain waves after a stimulus pres.

48
Q

PET scan

A

shows brain activity w/ radioactive glucose

49
Q

fMRI

A

shows brain activity by measuring changes in oxygenated blood flow

50
Q

Francis Galton

A

pioneered approaches to measure individual differences

51
Q

experience sampling method of assessment

A

participant makes a note of what they’re thinking when they’re randomly called/texted

52
Q

Alfred Kinsey

A

used interviews to probe human sexuality

53
Q

type A

A

associated w/ men, anger, loud, competition

54
Q

typology vs traits

A

-1 group or the other (ex: male/female)
-people can be more or less of 1 trait

55
Q

expressive style

A

nonverbal social skills (facial expression, gestures, voice characteristics)

56
Q

who assessed 10yrs worth of a woman’s diary to assess her personality

A

Allport

57
Q

issues with Rorschach tests

A

concerns about reliability and validity

58
Q

big data

A

datasets that are so large they can only be analyzed by computers

59
Q

all techniques of assessment are subject to what effect

A

Barnum

60
Q

personality psyc relies on which type of research the most

A

quasi-experimental

61
Q

Alfred Binet

A

developed an intelligence test to help detect intelligence in kids who’d been mislabeled as stupid due to language/hearing deficits

Psyc of Personality (15 decks)

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