Chapter 13

Question 1

social groupings

Answer 1

affect who we interact with and social norms

Question 2

do we typically notice social groupings?

Answer 2

no, bc we’re embedded in our culture

Question 3

examples of basic etiquette in Canada that may go unnoticed until you go to another culture

Answer 3

always say please
impolite to ask questions about someone’s salary, weight, age, etc
rude to speak with mouth full

Question 4

ethnocentrism

Answer 4

evaluating others from one’s own cultural perspective/judging our group as right and others as not right

Question 5

study found women associated with religion were what? (2)

Answer 5

healthier and live longer

Question 6

idiolect vs dialect

Answer 6

idiolect: unique version of one’s first language (someone’s unique slang)
dialect: shared ways of speaking of ppl from the same region (includes accents!!)

Question 7

which language has less emotional words?

Answer 7

Swedish

Question 8

emic approach

Answer 8

culture specific, focuses on a single culture and its approach to a certain issue

Question 9

etic approach

Answer 9

cross cultural, looks for similarities across cultures

Question 10

examples of the person-situation interaction in test taking

Answer 10

is the test taker highly anxious? not motivated? underestimating difficulty of test?

Question 11

cultural imperialism

Answer 11

extending one’s cultural approaches over those of another culture

Question 12

cultural imperialism in personality test taking

Answer 12

most personality tests are best suited for North American/Northern European cultures

Question 13

how is culture affecting personality viewed by the general model?

Answer 13

culture is a situational factor in personality that CAN CHANGE OVER TIME/ISNT STABLE

Question 14

people who view the world from an ethnocentric perspective focus on which differences rather than individual ones?

Answer 14

cultural difs

Question 15

do people tend to judge people based on culture or race more in today’s world?

Answer 15

culture

Question 16

mutual consitution

Answer 16

when ppl and culture mutually shape each other

Question 17

what do individualistic cultures emphasize

Answer 17

independence, freedom, self-enhancement, personal worth, competition, achievement

Question 18

what do collectivist cultures emphasize?

Answer 18

interdependence, group wellbeing, environment-focused, group achievement

Question 19

how do the perceptions of others’ bhvr differ from indiv. to collectivist cultures

Answer 19

indiv: make more personal accusations for someone’s negative bhvr
collectivist: make more situational explanations for someone’s neg. bhvr

Question 20

differences in advertising from indiv to collectivist cultures

Answer 20

indiv: based on competition, fame, wealth
collectivist: based on cooperation, products bring people together

Question 21

lyrics of songs in individualist cultures changing over time

Answer 21

lyrics have shifted from more “I” from “we”

Question 22

names of children in individualist cultures over time

Answer 22

kids’ names are becoming more and more unique (Apple, Elon Musk’s kid, etc)

Question 23

Canadians are becoming ____ extraverted

Answer 23

more

Question 24

countries high in extraversion tend to be low in _____ _________

Answer 24

power distance: a hierarchy in power dynamics

Question 25

people high in extraversion tend to be more ______ (politically)

Answer 25

liberal

Question 26

Canadians score higher than Americans on which of the big 5

Answer 26

agreeableness

Question 27

low conscientiousness cultures are often _________ _________

Answer 27

event-time cultures: culture relies more on spontaneity than planning events

Question 28

example of someone's thoughts from an event-time culture

Answer 28

I don't want to interrupt and say I have to leave this convo bc I have an appointment, so I'll just show up a bit late, and they'll understand

Question 29

is Canada an event-time culture?

Answer 29

no --> we are high in conscientiousness

Question 30

countries high in neuroticism have a more formal what?

Answer 30

system of rules

Question 31

countries where education is promoted tend to have higher what

Answer 31

openness

Question 32

cultural effects

Answer 32

shared bhvrs and customs we learn from our society

Question 33

how is adolescent different than it is in the US in other cultures?

Answer 33

in some cultures it's a super smooth transition to adulthood rather than rebellious teenage phase

Question 34

Jung said personality psyc must be _______ while also allowing for important ________ variations

Answer 34

universal; cultural

Question 35

Christians more likely to attribute rare events to ______ rather than chance

Answer 35

fate

Question 36

Skinner saw religion as a set of _________

Answer 36

contingencies

Question 37

SES gradient

Answer 37

the higher someone's SES, the lower their chances of dying prematurely

Question 38

what did Marx say about the reason religion exists

Answer 38

thinks it exists to serve and maintain the economic power of the elite

Question 39

Fromm said capitalist societies must create what to function

Answer 39

a culture of consumption

Question 40

linguistic relativity

Answer 40

our interpretation of the world is dependent on the linguistic system we classify it by