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Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 commonalities b/w the neo-analytic aspects of personality

A

-most thoughts/feelings are unconscious
-bhvr is an attempt to resolve conflict in thoughts and feelings
-personality continues to form throughout adulthood
-personality growth involves moving from an immature/dependent state to a mature and independent state

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2
Q

compare Anna Freud and Heintz Hartman to Freud

A

-focused more on the ego
-saw the ego as more independent from id and superego
-Hartman thought id and ego worked very closely

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3
Q

Jung’s theory

A

theory of mind

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4
Q

the conscious ego

A

Jung, sense of self

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5
Q

Jung divided the unconscious into 2 parts:

A

personal unconscious: relate to things in your life that may be restraining you from certain bhvrs
collective unconscious: shared knowledge/fears that come from our ancestors (our general bhvrs and thoughts)

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6
Q

our collective unconscious is experienced through what

A

synchronicity: coincidences that aren;t causally linked but have some meaning

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7
Q

Jung’s archetypes

A

persona: the way you present yourself
shadow: dark side of your ego that you don’t want others to see (similar to id)
enima: striving for balance in gender related bhvrs
self: awareness of the self andothers
mother: nurturing, grounded, caring
hero/demon

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8
Q

complexes

A

group of emotionally charged feelings/thoughts that are related to a particular theme

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9
Q

what determines the strength of a complex

A

how much libido is attached to it

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10
Q

other term for complexes

A

obsessions

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11
Q

2 attitudes proposed by Jung

A

extraversion: thrive off of others NRG
intraversion

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12
Q

4 functions proposed by Jung

A

thinking and feeling: more rational
intuition and sensation: less rational, happens without having to think much about it

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13
Q

intuitive vs sensational ppl

A

intuitive look for patterns without worrying about how they discovered them
sensational ppl rely on concrete experience to discover patterns

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14
Q

Myers Briggs added which fourth function/attitude

A

judging vs perceiving
judging: likes order and planning
perceiving: more spontaneous and less planning

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15
Q

key theme of Jung’s theory

A

said humans are always striving for balance

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16
Q

hero’s journey

A

heros go on an adventure and return trasnformed/more knowledgeable than before

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17
Q

who used to study with Freud but had to part ways b/c he believed our motives are more complex

A

Alfred Adler

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18
Q

how can kids overcome their sense of powerlessness compared to adults according to Adler

A

compensation: accepting that you’re not good at something and focusing more on your strengths OR getting so good at weakness that it becomes a strength

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19
Q

masculine protest and who

A

attempt to be competent and independent, sometimes comes off as dominant/aggressive
Adler

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20
Q

strive for superiority and who

A

Adler
striving to be better than what we are right now
**NOT comparing with others

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21
Q

perfection striving

A

meeting the most intense ranking of a goal/ the fictional goal
ex: goal: get into an orchestra
fictional goal: be the first chair in the best in the world

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22
Q

3 life tasks and who

A

Adler
occupational
love
societal

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23
Q

inferiority vs superiority complex

A

inferior: some people get so overwhelmed with inferiority that they just stop trying (learned helplessness)
superior: some ppl become obsessed with being better than everyone because of feelings of inferiority

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24
Q

who starts striving for superiority when the 2nd child is born

A

first borns

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25
2 routes second-borns take due to power struggle
1. either live up to 1st born 2. go to the total opposite route of first born
26
which child is most likely to dev an inf. complex
last born bc all the routes have been taken seemingly by their sibs
27
4 pers. types according to Adler
ruling dominant: low social interest, high self interest, high activity, aggressive getting-leaning: low social interest, high self interest, low activity, takes from others avoiding: low social interest, high self interest, low activity, runs from problems socially useful: high social interest, lower self-interest, high activity, wants to learn from others and accepts inferiorities
28
Robert White said bonding with others is what
a basic ego fxn; not to satisfy the id
29
2 forms of motivation according to White
effectance: wanting to have a pos. impact on others competence: wanting to be competent and skilled in others' eyes
30
2 aspects of adaptation and who
White ego control: controlling your impulses ego resiliency: knowing when it's right to be a bit more spontaneous
31
3 aspects of self according to Horney
real self: core of personality despised self: our perceptions of inferiority ideal self: what we hope to be
32
basic anxiety according to Horney and what it stems from
fear of being alone, helpless/insecure from childhood experiences
33
Horney said people settle into 1 of 3 methods of adapting to the world & their neurotic needs
moving toward: connecting with others, passive, compliant, over-identifying w/ despised self - neurotic need: people-pleasing moving against: use exploitation and aggression to gain control, over-identifying with ideal self - neurotic need: be in control, high status moving away: withdrawal from others and conflict to avoid getting hurt - neurotic need: fear of commitment to others
34
development of a neurotic trend
focusing on a single coping strategy and it starts to dominate our personality
35
how did Horney challenge Freud
challenged the male-centric perspective and penis envy said that women envy men's POWER (basically the imbalance of society)
36
object relations theory
a number of theories that regard personality as a fxn of the relationships ppl have w others
37
symbiosis
bonding with others
38
what happens to kids when they get to separation-individuation and who
when kids realize they're their own self they are conflicted b/w being taken care of by their mom and wanting to be independent Margaret Mahler
39
which kids are unable to form an independent sense of self
symbiotic psychotic
40
what causes symbiotic psychotic kids
the child was never allowed to explore the external world growing up
41
what causes separation anxiety
parents being too encouraging of kids exploring the outside world
42
normal symbiotic kids develop what
develop independence and empathy
43
object integration vs split object image
integration: seeing others as multidimensional split object: think of others in polarized ways
44
basic fault according to Mahler
a lack of connection b/w child and mother that impacts adult relationships
45
Heinz Kohut said people have an essential what?
narcissism: pattern of self-centered needs athat are satisfied thru others
46
self object
person who helps you satisfy your needs
47
objects in object relations theory
people
48
mirroring
responding to a child's needs appropriately
49
when do kids start to detach from their egocentric POV
when parents aren't available to mirror all the time anymore
50
synchrony
matching bhvr to child's actions and signals
51
circle of security
teaching parents to read their child's needs based on their actions
52
4 types of attachment
secure ambivalent insecure: kids don't explore much bc they fear affection won't be there if they need it avoidant: kids explore a lot because they don't get much affection/comfort at home -these kids act like they dont care but are just repressive copers disorganized: kids fear parents (due to abuse) but know they need to face them; dont know how to act towards the,
53
internal working model
expectations about what others will be like based on relationships w/ our parents
54
4 alternate categories of attachment
secure: pos. view of self and others preoccupied: pos view of others, neg view of self dismissing: pos view of self, neg view of others fearful: neg view of self and others
55
are attachments stable throughout life
yes
56
which attachment style is less likely to accept their partner's faults, more cynical about love
avoidant
57
which attachment style is obsessive over current and ex partners, needs reassurance, very dependent on partner
ambivalent
58
which attachment style is most likely to turn to substances to cope with breakups
ambivalent
59
even if avoidant and ambivalent relationships last, they're rarely _________
satisfying
60
secure ppl are drawn to _________
secure ppl
61
which attachment style prefers working with others, wants to please boss, fears rejection
ambivalent
62
which attachment style takes less time off, works more compulsively, prefers to work alone
avoidant
63
Erikson said personality develops over lifespan through _________
interactions
64
ego identity
conscious experience of the self that comes about through interaction
65
what is a strong motivation in psychosocial dev according to Erikson
desire to be competent
66
each psychosocial stage of dev focuses on what
mastery of a specific issue
67
Erikson's 8 stages and ages (from birth to death)
1. trust vs mistrust, infancy 2. autonomy vs shame/doubt, early childhood 3. initiative vs guilt, preschool 4. industry vs inferiority, school age 5. identity vs role confusion, adolescence 6. intimacy vs isolation, young adulthood 7. generativity vs stagnation, adulthood 8. ego integrity vs despair, old age
68
what is required for kids to develop trust/attachment
parents are 1. affectionate and 2. responsive
69
trust vs mistrust ego strength:
Development of trust results in ego strength in hope: believing what you want is attainable and having optimism that it's going to come through for you
70
what can cause kids to develop shame/doubt vs autonomy in early childhood
their efforts at independence are criticized
71
2 resolutions of autonomy psychosocial stage
positive: kids learn right from wrong negative: kids feels bad about themselves/don;t know how to be successful
72
ego strength of autonomy vs shame/doubt
Positive resolution leads to ego strength of will: power to exercise free will/have a choice
73
kids who take initiative have to learn how to moderate...
power, in a controlled way
74
ego strength of initiative vs guilt
Resolution of this stage Leads to ego strength of purpose: courage to pursue goals w/o fear of punishment
75
"industry" meaning Erikson
demand from env. to do things that others value
76
industry vs inferiority ego strength
Industry development results in developing ego strength of competence: can do things that others value and therefore feel competent
77
role confusion
can't develop an identity bc cant settle on any roles
78
identity vs role confusion ego strength
Ego strength that develops from identity achievement: fidelity: living up to who you are despite some contradictions
79
moratorium
exploring relationships, career and spirituality comes with identity
80
foreclosure
taking on what others tell them, much less exploring being done
81
ego strength of intimacy vs isolation
Ego strength: love: people stay true to who they are but also form a close relationship
82
stagnation
inability/unwilling to devote self to the future
83
ego strength of generativity vs stagnation
Ego strength: care (for others)
84
ego integrity
feeling like life has had meaning, accept the choices you made, self-reflective, few regrets
85
despair
feeling like life was wasted
86
ego strength of integrity vs despair
Ego strength: wisdom: being able to create meaning in your life, learning from your experience, and continuing to learn+grow despite reality that you're at the end of your life
87
those that don't move past Kohut's first stage become...
narcissistic
88
what is our first relationship according to object relations theory
realizing that there are new relationships that can meet our needs
89
functionalist approach and who
Snyder -says people aim for and get what they want, so we choose our environments and it affects our personality
90
self-monitoring bhvr
degree to which ppl let env. demands dictate their bhvr

Psyc of Personality (15 decks)

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