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Psyc of Personality > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 commonalities b/w the neo-analytic aspects of personality

A

-most thoughts/feelings are unconscious
-bhvr is an attempt to resolve conflict in thoughts and feelings
-personality continues to form throughout adulthood
-personality growth involves moving from an immature/dependent state to a mature and independent state

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2
Q

compare Anna Freud and Heintz Hartman to Freud

A

-focused more on the ego
-saw the ego as more independent from id and superego
-Hartman thought id and ego worked very closely

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3
Q

Jung’s theory

A

theory of mind

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4
Q

the conscious ego

A

Jung, sense of self

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5
Q

Jung divided the unconscious into 2 parts:

A

personal unconscious: relate to things in your life that may be restraining you from certain bhvrs
collective unconscious: shared knowledge/fears that come from our ancestors (our general bhvrs and thoughts)

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6
Q

our collective unconscious is experienced through what

A

synchronicity: coincidences that aren;t causally linked but have some meaning

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7
Q

Jung’s archetypes

A

persona: the way you present yourself
shadow: dark side of your ego that you don’t want others to see (similar to id)
enima: striving for balance in gender related bhvrs
self: awareness of the self andothers
mother: nurturing, grounded, caring
hero/demon

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8
Q

complexes

A

group of emotionally charged feelings/thoughts that are related to a particular theme

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9
Q

what determines the strength of a complex

A

how much libido is attached to it

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10
Q

other term for complexes

A

obsessions

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11
Q

2 attitudes proposed by Jung

A

extraversion: thrive off of others NRG
intraversion

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12
Q

4 functions proposed by Jung

A

thinking and feeling: more rational
intuition and sensation: less rational, happens without having to think much about it

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13
Q

intuitive vs sensational ppl

A

intuitive look for patterns without worrying about how they discovered them
sensational ppl rely on concrete experience to discover patterns

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14
Q

Myers Briggs added which fourth function/attitude

A

judging vs perceiving
judging: likes order and planning
perceiving: more spontaneous and less planning

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15
Q

key theme of Jung’s theory

A

said humans are always striving for balance

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16
Q

hero’s journey

A

heros go on an adventure and return trasnformed/more knowledgeable than before

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17
Q

who used to study with Freud but had to part ways b/c he believed our motives are more complex

A

Alfred Adler

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18
Q

how can kids overcome their sense of powerlessness compared to adults according to Adler

A

compensation: accepting that you’re not good at something and focusing more on your strengths OR getting so good at weakness that it becomes a strength

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19
Q

masculine protest and who

A

attempt to be competent and independent, sometimes comes off as dominant/aggressive
Adler

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20
Q

strive for superiority and who

A

Adler
striving to be better than what we are right now
**NOT comparing with others

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21
Q

perfection striving

A

meeting the most intense ranking of a goal/ the fictional goal
ex: goal: get into an orchestra
fictional goal: be the first chair in the best in the world

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22
Q

3 life tasks and who

A

Adler
occupational
love
societal

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23
Q

inferiority vs superiority complex

A

inferior: some people get so overwhelmed with inferiority that they just stop trying (learned helplessness)
superior: some ppl become obsessed with being better than everyone because of feelings of inferiority

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24
Q

who starts striving for superiority when the 2nd child is born

A

first borns

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25
Q

2 routes second-borns take due to power struggle

A
  1. either live up to 1st born
  2. go to the total opposite route of first born
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26
Q

which child is most likely to dev an inf. complex

A

last born bc all the routes have been taken seemingly by their sibs

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27
Q

4 pers. types according to Adler

A

ruling dominant: low social interest, high self interest, high activity, aggressive
getting-leaning: low social interest, high self interest, low activity, takes from others
avoiding: low social interest, high self interest, low activity, runs from problems
socially useful: high social interest, lower self-interest, high activity, wants to learn from others and accepts inferiorities

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28
Q

Robert White said bonding with others is what

A

a basic ego fxn; not to satisfy the id

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29
Q

2 forms of motivation according to White

A

effectance: wanting to have a pos. impact on others
competence: wanting to be competent and skilled in others’ eyes

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30
Q

2 aspects of adaptation and who

A

White
ego control: controlling your impulses
ego resiliency: knowing when it’s right to be a bit more spontaneous

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31
Q

3 aspects of self according to Horney

A

real self: core of personality
despised self: our perceptions of inferiority
ideal self: what we hope to be

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32
Q

basic anxiety according to Horney and what it stems from

A

fear of being alone, helpless/insecure
from childhood experiences

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33
Q

Horney said people settle into 1 of 3 methods of adapting to the world & their neurotic needs

A

moving toward: connecting with others, passive, compliant, over-identifying w/ despised self
- neurotic need: people-pleasing
moving against: use exploitation and aggression to gain control, over-identifying with ideal self
- neurotic need: be in control, high status
moving away: withdrawal from others and conflict to avoid getting hurt
- neurotic need: fear of commitment to others

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34
Q

development of a neurotic trend

A

focusing on a single coping strategy and it starts to dominate our personality

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35
Q

how did Horney challenge Freud

A

challenged the male-centric perspective and penis envy
said that women envy men’s POWER (basically the imbalance of society)

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36
Q

object relations theory

A

a number of theories that regard personality as a fxn of the relationships ppl have w others

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37
Q

symbiosis

A

bonding with others

38
Q

what happens to kids when they get to separation-individuation and who

A

when kids realize they’re their own self they are conflicted b/w being taken care of by their mom and wanting to be independent
Margaret Mahler

39
Q

which kids are unable to form an independent sense of self

A

symbiotic psychotic

40
Q

what causes symbiotic psychotic kids

A

the child was never allowed to explore the external world growing up

41
Q

what causes separation anxiety

A

parents being too encouraging of kids exploring the outside world

42
Q

normal symbiotic kids develop what

A

develop independence and empathy

43
Q

object integration vs split object image

A

integration: seeing others as multidimensional
split object: think of others in polarized ways

44
Q

basic fault according to Mahler

A

a lack of connection b/w child and mother that impacts adult relationships

45
Q

Heinz Kohut said people have an essential what?

A

narcissism: pattern of self-centered needs athat are satisfied thru others

46
Q

self object

A

person who helps you satisfy your needs

47
Q

objects in object relations theory

A

people

48
Q

mirroring

A

responding to a child’s needs appropriately

49
Q

when do kids start to detach from their egocentric POV

A

when parents aren’t available to mirror all the time anymore

50
Q

synchrony

A

matching bhvr to child’s actions and signals

51
Q

circle of security

A

teaching parents to read their child’s needs based on their actions

52
Q

4 types of attachment

A

secure
ambivalent insecure: kids don’t explore much bc they fear affection won’t be there if they need it
avoidant: kids explore a lot because they don’t get much affection/comfort at home
-these kids act like they dont care but are just repressive copers
disorganized: kids fear parents (due to abuse) but know they need to face them; dont know how to act towards the,

53
Q

internal working model

A

expectations about what others will be like based on relationships w/ our parents

54
Q

4 alternate categories of attachment

A

secure: pos. view of self and others
preoccupied: pos view of others, neg view of self
dismissing: pos view of self, neg view of others
fearful: neg view of self and others

55
Q

are attachments stable throughout life

A

yes

56
Q

which attachment style is less likely to accept their partner’s faults, more cynical about love

A

avoidant

57
Q

which attachment style is obsessive over current and ex partners, needs reassurance, very dependent on partner

A

ambivalent

58
Q

which attachment style is most likely to turn to substances to cope with breakups

A

ambivalent

59
Q

even if avoidant and ambivalent relationships last, they’re rarely _________

A

satisfying

60
Q

secure ppl are drawn to _________

A

secure ppl

61
Q

which attachment style prefers working with others, wants to please boss, fears rejection

A

ambivalent

62
Q

which attachment style takes less time off, works more compulsively, prefers to work alone

A

avoidant

63
Q

Erikson said personality develops over lifespan through _________

A

interactions

64
Q

ego identity

A

conscious experience of the self that comes about through interaction

65
Q

what is a strong motivation in psychosocial dev according to Erikson

A

desire to be competent

66
Q

each psychosocial stage of dev focuses on what

A

mastery of a specific issue

67
Q

Erikson’s 8 stages and ages (from birth to death)

A
  1. trust vs mistrust, infancy
  2. autonomy vs shame/doubt, early childhood
  3. initiative vs guilt, preschool
  4. industry vs inferiority, school age
  5. identity vs role confusion, adolescence
  6. intimacy vs isolation, young adulthood
  7. generativity vs stagnation, adulthood
  8. ego integrity vs despair, old age
68
Q

what is required for kids to develop trust/attachment

A

parents are 1. affectionate and 2. responsive

69
Q

trust vs mistrust ego strength:

A

Development of trust results in ego strength in hope: believing what you want is attainable and having optimism that it’s going to come through for you

70
Q

what can cause kids to develop shame/doubt vs autonomy in early childhood

A

their efforts at independence are criticized

71
Q

2 resolutions of autonomy psychosocial stage

A

positive: kids learn right from wrong
negative: kids feels bad about themselves/don;t know how to be successful

72
Q

ego strength of autonomy vs shame/doubt

A

Positive resolution leads to ego strength of will: power to exercise free will/have a choice

73
Q

kids who take initiative have to learn how to moderate…

A

power, in a controlled way

74
Q

ego strength of initiative vs guilt

A

Resolution of this stage Leads to ego strength of purpose: courage to pursue goals w/o fear of punishment

75
Q

“industry” meaning Erikson

A

demand from env. to do things that others value

76
Q

industry vs inferiority ego strength

A

Industry development results in developing ego strength of competence: can do things that others value and therefore feel competent

77
Q

role confusion

A

can’t develop an identity bc cant settle on any roles

78
Q

identity vs role confusion ego strength

A

Ego strength that develops from identity achievement: fidelity: living up to who you are despite some contradictions

79
Q

moratorium

A

exploring relationships, career and spirituality comes with identity

80
Q

foreclosure

A

taking on what others tell them, much less exploring being done

81
Q

ego strength of intimacy vs isolation

A

Ego strength: love: people stay true to who they are but also form a close relationship

82
Q

stagnation

A

inability/unwilling to devote self to the future

83
Q

ego strength of generativity vs stagnation

A

Ego strength: care (for others)

84
Q

ego integrity

A

feeling like life has had meaning, accept the choices you made, self-reflective, few regrets

85
Q

despair

A

feeling like life was wasted

86
Q

ego strength of integrity vs despair

A

Ego strength: wisdom: being able to create meaning in your life, learning from your experience, and continuing to learn+grow despite reality that you’re at the end of your life

87
Q

those that don’t move past Kohut’s first stage become…

A

narcissistic

88
Q

what is our first relationship according to object relations theory

A

realizing that there are new relationships that can meet our needs

89
Q

functionalist approach and who

A

Snyder
-says people aim for and get what they want, so we choose our environments and it affects our personality

90
Q

self-monitoring bhvr

A

degree to which ppl let env. demands dictate their bhvr

Psyc of Personality (15 decks)

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