Chapter 8

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people

• dynamic
• heterogeneous
• operates within power structures

Question 2

Intercultural Communication

Answer 2

Communication that occurs between people who are culturally different

• occurs on a continuum of similarity and difference

Question 3

3 Types of Border Dwellers

Answer 3

1. Through travel: voluntary or involuntary movement from one place to another
2. Through socialization: growing up on the border between different social identity categories (Asian-American)
3. Through Relationships: occurs when romantic partners come from different cultures

Question 4

Individualism v. Collectivism

Answer 4

Individualism: focus on independent and personal achievement

Collectivism: focus on group harmony and cooperation

Question 5

Preferred Personality

Answer 5

To do: emphasis on working hard for material gains (live to work)
To be: emphasis on spending time with others and enjoying life (work to live)

Question 6

View of human nature

Answer 6

Humans are inherently good or bad

Question 7

Human-Nature Value

Answer 7

1. Humans should rule nature
2. Humans are at nature’s mercy
3. Humans and nature live in harmony

Question 8

Power Distance

Answer 8

High power distance cultures expect and accept unequal distribution of power and wealth (monarchy)

Low power distance cultures strive for equality and believe in the ability to change your power or status

Question 9

Indulgence v. Restraint

Answer 9

Indulgence orientation: desires should be gratified as they arise

Restrain orientation: desires should be suppressed to adhere to social norms

Question 10

Dialectical Approaches

Answer 10

• avoids dichotomous thinking
• favors “both/and” thinking over “either/or” thinking

Question 11

Culture-Individual Dialectic

Answer 11

behaviors can be explained by both cultural and individual forces

Question 12

Personal-Contextual Dialectic

Answer 12

behaviors can be explained by both contextual and individual forces

Question 13

Difference-Similarities Dialectic

Answer 13

focuses on BOTH the divergences AND concurrences of cultures

Question 14

Static-Dynamic Dialectic

Answer 14

Recognizes that cultures are capable changing AND staying the same

Question 15

History/Past-Present/Future Dialectic

Answer 15

Recognizes how current cultures differ and remain the same as cultures of the past

Question 16

Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic

Answer 16

Recognizes that people can be simultaneously privileged and disadvantaged

Steve’s after-school experience

Question 17

Ethical Intercultural Communication

Answer 17

• Understand that culture influences everybody’s communication
• Avoid the “zoo approach” (dehumanizing)
• Be open to alternative views of the world

Question 18

Improving Intercultural Communication Skills

Answer 18

• Increase your motivation
• increase your knowledge of self and others (cyclical)
• Avoid stereotypes

Question 19

Cocultural Groups

Answer 19

Significant minority groups within a dominant majority that do not share dominant group values or communication patterns

3 options: assimilation, accommodation, or separation

Question 20

Encapsulated v. Constructive Marginal People

Answer 20

Encapsulated: feel disintegrated by having to constantly shift between cultures

Constructive: thrive in their border life while recognizing its challenges