Chapter 5 Flashcards
Importance of VERBAL communication (3)
- Message creation
- Identity and relationship development
- Language is tied to identity
Instrumental FOL
Gets you what you need or want
Ex: Asking for food
Regulatory FOL
Controls the behaviors of others
Ex: telling people to be quiet
Informative FOL
Shares knowledge
Ex: a professor lecturing
Heuristic FOL
Leads to increased knowledge
Ex: asking a question in class
Interactional FOL
Start and maintain relationships
Ex: Asking someone on a date
Personal Language FOL
Expresses personality
Ex: Telling a joke
Imaginative FOL
Express your creativity or artistic ability
Ex: singing
Four Components of Language
- Phonology
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
Phonology
The sounds that compose language and their meanings
Syntax
The rules that govern word order
Semantics (+2)
The study of meaning
- Denotative meaning: literal
- Connotative meaning: socially understood
Pragmatics
How language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals
Includes: speech act theory, conversational rules, and contextual rules
Speech Act Theory
We do things with our word
Direct speech act: drive me to the store
Indirect speech act: would you be able to drive me to the store?
Conversational rules
How communication is organized
Ex: Turn-taking, turn-maintaining, turn-yielding
Contextual rules
Conversational rules that are determined by the situation
Co-Cultural Theory of Power
Examines the link between power and communication style
People are judged based on word use, accents, and identity
Ex: Androcentrism leads to male-focused language
Nominalist Perspective of Language
language can express any idea
Relativist Perspective of Language
Language shapes ideas
Sapir Whorf hypothesis: language determines world-view
Person first communication: homeless person v. people suffering from homelessness
Confirming v. Disconfirming Speech
Confirming: makes us feel valued and helps self-concept
Disconfirming: make us feel devalued and hurts self-concept
āIā statements
A type of confirming messages
- explain behavior without judgment
- express your feelings
- express the impact on you
