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terminology > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Gynecology

A

is the study of the female reproductive system (organs, hormones,
and diseases)

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2
Q

obstetrics

A

is a specialty concerned with

pregnancy and the delivery of the fetus

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3
Q

neonatology

A

is the study of the care and

treatment of the newborn.

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4
Q

cul-de-sac

A

Midway between the uterus and the rectum is a region in the abdominal cavity

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5
Q

Bartholin glands

A

two small, rounded glands on either side of the vaginal orifice.
These glands produce a mucous secretion that lubricates the vagina.

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6
Q

clitoris

A

organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the vaginal orifice and in front of the
urethral meatus

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7
Q

perineum

A

region between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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8
Q

vulva.

A

The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the vulva

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9
Q

labia majora, labia minora

A

outer lip. inner lip

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10
Q

hymen

A

membrane partially covering the entrance to the vagina,

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11
Q

utero-ovarian ligament

A

Each ovary [1] is

held in place on either side of the uterus by

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12
Q

ovarian follicles

A

Within each ovary are thousands of small sacs

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13
Q

ovum, corpus luteum

A

During ovulation, an ovum matures; its follicle ruptures through
the surface and releases the ovum from the ovary. A ruptured follicle fills with a yellow,
fat-like material. It is then called the corpus luteum [5], meaning yellow body. The corpus
luteum secretes hormones (both estrogen and progesterone) that maintain the very first
stages of pregnancy.

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14
Q

A fallopian tube

A

Collectively, the
fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments are the adnexa (accessory structures) of
the uterus.

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15
Q

fimbriae

A

The finger-like ends of the fallopian tube are the fimbriae [7]. They catch the
egg after its release from the ovary. Cilia (small hairs) line the fallopian tube and, through
their motion, sweep the ovum along. It usually takes the ovum about 2 to 3 days to pass
through the fallopian tube.

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16
Q

corpus

A

body of the organ

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17
Q

endometrium

A

The inner layer, a specialized epithelial mucosa of the

uterus is the endometrium [9];

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18
Q

myometrium

A

the middle, muscular layer of the uterine wall is t

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19
Q

uterine seros

A

and the outer, membranous tissue layer, a
lining that produces a watery, serum-like secretion. The outermost layer of an organ in
the abdomen or thorax is known as a serosa.

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20
Q

cervix

A

The narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus

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21
Q

glandular tissue

A

contains milk glands or lobules that develop

in response to hormones from the ovaries during puberty

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22
Q

lactiferous (milk-carrying) ducts [3], and sinuses (cavities) [4]

A

that carry milk to the nipple, which has small openings for the ducts to release their milk.

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23
Q

mammary papilla [

A

The breast nipple

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24
Q

areola

A

the dark pigmented area around the

mammary papilla is

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25
Q

parturition, lactation

A

giving birth, secrete milk

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26
Q

chorion

A

the outermost membrane

that surrounds the developing embryo

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27
Q

amnion,

A

he innermost of the embryonic
membranes, holds the fetus suspended in an amniotic cavity surrounded by a fluid called
the amniotic fluid.

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28
Q

human chorionic

gonadotropin (hCG).

A

As the placenta develops in the uterus, it produces its own hormone. When women test their urine with a pregnancy test kit, presence or
absence of hCG confirms or rules out that they are pregnant. This hormone stimulates the
corpus luteum to continue producing hormones until about the third month of pregnancy,
when the placenta takes over the endocrine function and releases estrogen and progesterone.
Progesterone maintains the development of the placenta. Low levels of progesterone
can lead to spontaneous abortion in pregnant women and menstrual irregularities in
nonpregnant women.

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29
Q

cephalic

presentation

A

In a normal delivery position, the baby’s head appears first

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30
Q

afterbirth.

A

The expelled placenta is

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31
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

The events of menstruation and pregnancy depend on hormones not only from the ovaries
(estrogen and progesterone) but also from the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) after the onset of
menstruation. As their levels rise in the bloodstream, FSH and LH stimulate maturation
of the ovum and ovulation. After ovulation, LH in particular influences the maintenance
of the corpus luteum and its production of estrogen and progesterone

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32
Q

Oral

contraceptives (birth control pills) work in the same way

A

During pregnancy, the high levels of estrogen and progesterone from the ovary and
placenta cause the pituitary gland to stop producing FSH and LH. Therefore, while a
woman is pregnant, additional eggs do not mature and ovulation cannot occur. Oral
contraceptives (birth control pills) work in the same way

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33
Q

IUD (intrauterine device

A

A health care
professional inserts the IUD, a small device designed to remain inside the uterus. It works
by preventing implantation of the embryo. Birth control pills and an IUD do not protect
a woman against sexually transmitted infections such as that caused by HIV

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34
Q

FSH Pituitary gland-Ovary: Stimulates maturation of the ovum

A

LH Pituitary gland-Ovary: Stimulates ovulation

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35
Q

Estrogen Ovary
Placenta (during pregnancy)
-Uterus: Builds up the endometrial lining

A

Progesterone Ovary (corpus luteum)
Placenta (during pregnancy)
-Uterus: Sustains uterine lining and placenta
during pregnancy

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36
Q

hCG Placenta-Ovary (corpus luteum)

A

Sustains pregnancy

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37
Q

adnexa uteri

A

Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.

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38
Q

coitus

A

Sexual intercourse

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39
Q

bartholin/o

A

Bartholin gland

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40
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix, neck

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41
Q

chori/o, chorion/o

A

chorion

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42
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

43
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

44
Q

mast/o

A

breast

45
Q

men/o

A

menses,

menstruation

46
Q

Fibroids

A

fiber tumor

47
Q

metr/o, metri/o

A

uterus

48
Q

nat/i

A

birth

49
Q

obstetr/o

A

pregnancy and

childbirth

50
Q

o/o

A

egg

51
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

52
Q

ov/o

A

egg

53
Q

ovul/o

A

egg

54
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

55
Q

orrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

56
Q

phor/o

A

to bear

57
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tubes

58
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

59
Q

galact/o

A

milk

60
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus, womb

61
Q

-arche

A

beginning

62
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

63
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant

64
Q

-parous

A

bearing, bringing

forth

65
Q

-salpinx

A

fallopian

(uterine) tube

66
Q

-tocia

A

labor, birth

67
Q

Oxy-

A

sharp or quick

68
Q

-version

A

act of turning

69
Q

nulli-

A

none

70
Q

endometriosis

A

Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus.

71
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

PID

A

Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis,
oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis.

72
Q

Prophylactic

A

seeing future

73
Q

fibrocystic breast disease

A

Numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous
tissue in the breast.

74
Q

abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the normally implanted placenta.

75
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal
uterine location.

76
Q

multiple gestations

A

More than one fetus inside the uterus.

77
Q

placenta previa

A

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower
region of the uterus

78
Q

preeclampsia

A

Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood
pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache.

79
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group
(Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.

80
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn.

This condition, also called respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS

81
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

82
Q

meconium aspiration

syndrome

A

Abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn

83
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum.

84
Q

Pap test (Pap smear)

A

Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and
cervix.

85
Q

speculum

A

instrument to hold apart the vaginal walls),

86
Q

pregnancy test

A

Blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG.

87
Q

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

A

X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of
contrast material.

88
Q

aspiration

A

Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using
suction

89
Q

cauterization

A

Destruction of tissue by burning.

90
Q

colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

91
Q

conization

A

Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix. The physician resects the tissue using a LEEP (loop electrocautery excision
procedure),

92
Q

cryosurgery

A

Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue.
A liquid nitrogen probe produces the freezing (cry/o means cold) temperature.
Also called cryocauterization.
FIGURE

93
Q

cyro

A

cold

94
Q

culdocentesis

A

Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac.

95
Q

dilation (dilatation) and

curettage (D&C)

A

Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the
uterus.

96
Q

exenteration

A

Removal of internal organs within a cavity.

Pelvic exenteration is removal of the organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis.

97
Q

laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope
(laparoscope).

minimally invasive surgery (MIS

98
Q

tubal ligation

A

Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring. This sterilization procedure (making an individual incapable of reproduction) is
performed using laparoscopy or through a hysteroscope inserted via the cervical
os (opening).

99
Q

amniocentesis

A

Needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for
analysis (Figure 8-29).

100
Q

cesarean section

A

Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.

101
Q

chorionic villus sampling

CVS

A

Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.

102
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF

A

Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory
dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization.

103
Q

oligo

A

a few

terminology (17 decks)

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