chapter 7 Flashcards
Renin
raises blood pressure (to keep blood moving through the kidney)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
calciferol,
an active form of vitamin D, necessary for the
absorption of calcium from the intestine.
glomerulus
collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball
calyx or calix (plural:
calyces or calices)
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from
Greek, kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud.
arteriole
Small artery
catheter
Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
creatinine
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure
of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from
the blood. Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism
nephron
Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration,
reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional
unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are
about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.
urea
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
urination (voiding)
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
cali/o, calic/o
calyx (calix);
cup-shaped
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus
Nephropexy
(-pexy means
fixation) is an operation to put a “floating” kidney in place
pyel/o
renal pelvis
trigon/o
trigone (region
of the bladder)
vesic/o
urinary bladder
albumin/o
albumin
(a protein in the
blood)
-uria
urine condition
azot/o
nitrogen
dips/o
thirst
kal/o
potassium
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies
(ketoacids and
acetone)
natr/o
sodium
olig/o
scanty（lack）
-poietin
substance that
forms
py/o
pus (nongzhi)
-tripsy
crushing
ur/o
urine (urea)
enuresis
bed wetting
interstitial nephritis
Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules.
nephrotic syndrome
nephrosis
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss
in urine.
polycystic kidney disease
PKD
Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney.
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
Wilms tumor
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.
renal cell carcinoma
hypernephroma
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.
diabetes insipidus
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH.
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Measurement of urea levels in blood.
creatinine clearance
Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood
by the kidney.
renal angiography
X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.
kidneys, ureters, and bladder
KUB
X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and
bladder.
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast
through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
X-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained
while the patient is voiding.
dialysis
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.
