chapter 7

Question 1

Renin

Answer 1

raises blood pressure (to keep blood moving through the kidney)

Question 2

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 2

stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

Question 3

calciferol,

Answer 3

an active form of vitamin D, necessary for the

absorption of calcium from the intestine.

Question 4

glomerulus

Answer 4

collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball

Question 5

calyx or calix (plural:

calyces or calices)

Answer 5

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from
Greek, kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud.

Question 6

arteriole

Answer 6

Small artery

Question 7

catheter

Answer 7

Tube for injecting or removing fluids.

Question 8

creatinine

Answer 8

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure
of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from
the blood. Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism

Question 9

nephron

Answer 9

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration,
reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional
unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are
about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

Question 10

urea

Answer 10

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

Question 11

urination (voiding)

Answer 11

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.

Question 12

cali/o, calic/o

Answer 12

calyx (calix);

cup-shaped

Question 13

glomerul/o

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

meat/o

Answer 14

meatus

Question 15

Nephropexy

Answer 15

(-pexy means

fixation) is an operation to put a “floating” kidney in place

Question 16

pyel/o

Answer 16

renal pelvis

Question 17

trigon/o

Answer 17

trigone (region

of the bladder)

Question 18

vesic/o

Answer 18

urinary bladder

Question 19

albumin/o

Answer 19

albumin
(a protein in the
blood)

Question 20

-uria

Answer 20

urine condition

Question 21

azot/o

Answer 21

nitrogen

Question 22

dips/o

Answer 22

thirst

Question 23

kal/o

Answer 23

potassium

Question 24

ket/o, keton/o

Answer 24

ketone bodies
(ketoacids and
acetone)

Question 25

natr/o

Answer 25

sodium

Question 26

olig/o

Answer 26

scanty（lack）

Question 27

-poietin

Answer 27

substance that

forms

Question 28

py/o

Answer 28

pus (nongzhi)

Question 29

-tripsy

Answer 29

crushing

Question 30

ur/o

Answer 30

urine (urea)

Question 31

enuresis

Answer 31

bed wetting

Question 32

interstitial nephritis

Answer 32

Inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules.

Question 33

nephrotic syndrome

nephrosis

Answer 33

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss
in urine.

Question 34

polycystic kidney disease

PKD

Answer 34

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney.

Question 35

pyelonephritis

Answer 35

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Question 36

Wilms tumor

Answer 36

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood.

Question 37

renal cell carcinoma

hypernephroma

Answer 37

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood.

Question 38

diabetes insipidus

Answer 38

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of
the kidney to ADH.

Question 39

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 39

Measurement of urea levels in blood.

Question 40

creatinine clearance

Answer 40

Measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood
by the kidney.

Question 41

renal angiography

Answer 41

X-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.

Question 42

kidneys, ureters, and bladder

KUB

Answer 42

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and
bladder.

Question 43

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 43

X-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast
through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

Question 44

voiding cystourethrogram
(VCUG)

Answer 44

X-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained
while the patient is voiding.

Question 45

dialysis

Answer 45

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood.