chapter 21

Question 1

MEDICINAL

CHEMISTRY

Answer 1

New drug

synthesis

Question 2

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Answer 2

Drug effects

in the body

Question 3

PHARMACOKINETICS

Answer 3

Drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism,
and excretion

Question 4

MOLECULAR

PHARMACOLOGY

Answer 4

Interaction of drugs

with cellular components

Question 5

CHEMOTHERAPY

Answer 5

Use of drugs in treatment of

cancer and infectious disease

Question 6

TOXICOLOGY

Answer 6

Studies of harmful effects

of drugs

Question 7

Antiseptics

Answer 7

against infection

Question 8

antipruritics

Answer 8

(against itching

Question 9

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 9

an example of an unpredictable type of drug toxicity

Question 10

Contraindications

Answer 10

are factors in a patient’s condition that make the use of a particular
drug dangerous and ill-advised

Question 11

analgesic

Answer 11

is a drug that lessens pain narcotics or opioid
n. These agents are not steroid hormones (such as
cortisone) and are known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs act
on tissues to inhibit prostaglandins (hormone-like substances that sensitize peripheral
pain receptors)

Question 12

anesthetic

Answer 12

s an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation. This effect may occur in
all tissues of the body (general anesthetic) and puts a patient asleep, or may be limited to
a particular region (local anesthetic).

Question 13

An antibiotic

Answer 13

is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism (bacterium, yeast, or
mold) that inhibits (bacteriostatic) or kills (bactericidal) bacteria, fungi, or parasites.

Question 14

Anticoagulants

Answer 14

prevent clotting (coagulation) of blood. They prevent formation of clots or
break up clots in blood vessels in conditions such as thrombosis and embolism

Question 15

Antiplatelet drugs

Answer 15

reduce the tendency of platelets to stick together. Aspirin is an
example of an antiplatelet drug; daily aspirin prophylaxis is recommended for patients with
coronary artery disease and for those who have had heart attacks

Question 16

anticonvulsant

Answer 16

t prevents or reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of
seizure disorders or epilepsy. Ideally, anticonvulsants depress abnormal spontaneous
activity of the brain arising from areas of scar or tumor, without affecting normal brain
function.

Question 17

Antihistamines

Answer 17

s block the action of histamine, which normally is released in the body in
allergic reactions. Histamine causes allergic symptoms such as hives, bronchial asthma,
hay fever, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock (dyspnea, hypotension, and loss of
consciousness).

Question 18

ANTIOSTEOPOROSIS DRUGS

Answer 18

Osteoporosis is a disorder marked by loss of bone density. Calcium, vitamin D, and estrogen
may increase calcium deposition in bone
drugs called selective
estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) increase bone formation

Question 19

CARDIOVASCULAR DRUG

Answer 19

Often, before other drugs are used, daily
aspirin therapy (to prevent clots in blood vessels) and sublingual nitroglycerin (to dilate
coronary blood vessels) are prescribed. Digoxin (Lanoxin) helps the heart pump more
forcefully in heart failure

Question 20

Sedative-hypnotics

Answer 20

are medications that depress the central nervous system and promote
drowsiness (sedatives) and sleep (hypnotics). They are prescribed for insomnia and sleep
disorders.

Question 21

Stimulants are drugs that act on the brain to speed up vital processes

Answer 21

amphetamines—used to prevent narcolepsy (seizures of sleep), to suppress
appetite, and to calm hyperkinetic children. Caffeine also is a cerebral stimulant.

Question 22

TRANQUILIZERS

Answer 22

Tranquilizers are useful for controlling anxiety. Minor tranquilizers (benzodiazepines)
control minor symptoms of anxiety. Major tranquilizers (phenothiazines) control more
severe disturbances of behavior

Question 23

aer/o

Answer 23

air

Question 24

cras/o

Answer 24

mixture

Question 25

erg/o

Answer 25

work

Question 26

prurit/o

Answer 26

itching

Question 27

pyret/o

Answer 27

fever

Question 28

thec/o

Answer 28

sheath (of brain

and spinal cord)