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terminology > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue

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2
Q

adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils

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3
Q

alveolus (plural: alveoli)

A

Air sac in the lung.

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4
Q

base of the lung

A

Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. Basilar
means located at or in the base.

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5
Q

glottis

A

Slit-like opening to the larynx

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6
Q

hypertrophy

A

feida

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7
Q

bronchospasm

A

This tightening of the bronchus is a chief characteristic of asthma
and bronchitis

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8
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal widening Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection.

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9
Q

bronch/o bronchi/o

A

bronchial tube,

bronchus

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10
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole, small

bronchus

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11
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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12
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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13
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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14
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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15
Q

lob/o

A

lobe of the lung

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16
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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17
Q

orthopnea

A

An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the
upright position. A major cause of orthopnea is congestive heart
failure

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18
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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19
Q

phon/o

A

voice

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20
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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21
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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22
Q

pneum/o,

pneumon/o

A

air, lung

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23
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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24
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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25
Q

tel/o

A

complete

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26
Q

atelectasis

A

atelectasis

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung (

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27
Q

tonsill/o liangge l

A

tonsils

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28
Q

-osmia

A

smell

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29
Q

-ema

A

condition

30
Q

empyema

A

Em- at the beginning of this term means in. Empyema

(pyothorax) is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity.

31
Q

osmia

A

smell

32
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

33
Q

-sphyxia

A

pulse

34
Q

auscultation

A

Listening to sounds within the body.

35
Q

percussion

A

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the
underlying structure

36
Q

pleural rub

A

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

37
Q

rales (crackles)

A

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when
there is fluid in the alveoli

38
Q

rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)

A

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by
sputum.

39
Q

sputum

A

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by
spitting.

40
Q

stridor

A

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by

obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

41
Q

wheezes

A

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

42
Q

croup

A

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the
larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
The most common causative agents are influenza viruses or respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV).

43
Q

diphtheria

A 
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the
diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium)
44
Q

epistaxis

A

Nosebleed.

Epistaxis is a Greek word meaning a dropping.

45
Q

pertussis

A

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx,
larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.
Pertussis is characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing
that ends in a loud “whooping” inspiration.

46
Q

asthma

A

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due
to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

47
Q

bronchiectasis

A

Chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection.

48
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

49
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous
secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

50
Q

atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveol

51
Q

emphysema

A

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

52
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic
inflammation, infection, and bronchitis (Figure 12-11A).
Various forms are named according to the type of dust particle inhaled:
anthracosis—coal (anthrac/o) dust (black lung disease); asbestosis—asbestos
(asbest/o) particles (in shipbuilding and construction trades); silicosis—silica
(silic/o = rocks) or glass (grinder’s disease).

53
Q

pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or
products of the inflammatory reaction

54
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lung

55
Q

pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

56
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

57
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

58
Q

sarcoidosis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas)
develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

59
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs
usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

60
Q

mesothelioma

A

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.

61
Q

pleural effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

62
Q

pleurisy (pleuritis)

A

Inflammation of the pleura

63
Q

pneumothorax

A

Collection of air in the pleural space

64
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q)

scan

A 
Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous
injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of
radioactive gas (xenon).
65
Q

bronchoscopy

A 
Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is performed during bronchoscopy to
diagnose and stage lung cancer. An EBUS-guided forceps biopsy allows for sampling
of small (<3 cm) peripheral lesions endoscopically
66
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea to establish an airway

67
Q

pulmonary function tests

PFTs

A

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway
function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently. S

68
Q

thoracentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space.

69
Q

thoracotomy

A

Large surgical incision of the ches

70
Q

thoracoscopy (thorascopy)

A

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an
endoscope.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) allows the surgeon to view the chest from
a video monitor

71
Q

tuberculin test

A

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive
skin reaction

72
Q

tube thoracostomy

A

A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through
an opening in the chest

terminology (17 decks)

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