Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

terminology > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary

system

A

The skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sebaceous glands and the sweat glands

A

produce sebum, an oily secretion, and sweat glands produce sweat, a watery secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epidermis

A

a thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dermis

A

dense, fibrous, connective tissue layer; containing collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

—thick, fat-containing tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

squamous

epithelium

A

. Epithelium is the covering of both the internal and the external surfaces of
the body. Squamous epithelial cells are flat and scale-like. In the outer layer of the skin,
these cells are arranged in several layers (strata) to form stratified squamous epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basal layer

A

s the multilayered cells of the epidermis. The deepest layer is
called the basal layer [4]. T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stratum corneum

A

. In their movement toward the most superficial layer of the
epidermis, called the stratum corneum [5], the cells flatten, shrink, lose their nuclei, and
die, becoming filled with a hard protein material called keratin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

melanocytes

A

The basal layer of the epidermis contains special cells called melanocytes [6]. Melanocytes
contain a pigment called melanin that is transferred to other epidermal cells and gives
color to the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

albinos

A

Individuals who are incapable of forming melanin are called
albinos. Skin and hair are white
Eumelanin (eu- = true) is more common and is a brown-black pigment. Pheomelanin (pheo- = dusky) is a red-yellow
pigment. People with darker skin have more eumelanin, whereas people with lighter skin have more pheomelanin.
Pheomelanin doesn’t protect the skin from damaging ultraviolet rays and makes lighter-skinned people, and especially
redheads, more susceptible to skin cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

elastin

A

(protein that is elastic and helps skin to

return to its original position when pinched or poked)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Collagen (colla

= glue)

A

) is a fibrous protein material found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, as
well as in the skin. It is tough and resistant but also flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A hair fiber is composed of a tightly fused meshwork of cells filled with the hard protein
called keratin

A

produce keratinized cells that move upward

through hair follicles (sacs within which each hair fiber grows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lunula

A

placed completely.
The lunula is a semilunar (half-moon–shaped) whitish region at the base of the nail
plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cuticle

A

a narrow band of epidermis (layer of keratin), is at

the base and sides of the nail plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

paronychium

A

is the soft tissue surrounding the

nail border. Figure 16-3A illustrates the anatomic structure of a nail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Onycholysis

A

(onych/o = nail) is the

loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A 
Sweat glands (the most common type are eccrine sweat glands) are tiny, coiled glands
found on almost all body surfaces (about 2 million in the body).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

A special variety of sweat gland, active only from puberty onward and larger than the
ordinary kind, is concentrated in a few areas of the body near the reproductive organs and
in the armpits. These glands (apocrine sweat glands) secrete an odorless sweat, containing
substances easily broken down by bacteria on the skin. The bacterial waste products
produce a characteristic human body odor. The milk-producing mammary gland is another
type of apocrine gland; it secretes milk after the birth of a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

albin/o

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

caus/o

A

burn, burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cauter/o

A

heat, burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

electrocautery

A

An instrument containing a needle or blade used during surgery
to burn through tissue by means of an electrical current.
Electrocauterization is very effective in minimizing blood loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

diaphor/o

A

profuse sweating

see hidr/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

erythem/o,

erythemat/o

A

redness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

erythema

A

Flushing; widespread redness of the skin. Pronunciation is

ĕr-ĭ-THĒ-mă. Erythematous means pertaining to erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ichthy/o

A

dry, scaly

fish-like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

anthrac/o

A

black (as coal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

chlor/o

A

green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cirrh/o

A

tawny yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lute/o

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

poli/o

A

gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

kerat/o

A

hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

myc/o

A

fungus (fungi
include yeasts,
molds, and
mushrooms)

38
Q

onych/o

A

nail (see ungu/o

39
Q

phyt/o

A

plant

40
Q

pil/o

A

hair (see trich/o),

hair follicle

41
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

42
Q

seb/o

A

sebum (oily
secretion from
sebaceous glands)

43
Q

squam/o

A

scale-like

44
Q

trich/o

A

hair

45
Q

ungu/o

A

nail

46
Q

xanthoma

A

Nodules develop under the skin owing to excess lipid deposits and
can be associated with a high cholesterol level. A xanthoma that
appears on the eyelids is a xanthelasma (-elasma = a flat plate)

47
Q

xer/o

A

dry

48
Q

xerosis

A

This is very dry skin.

49
Q

crust

A

Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

50
Q

cyst

A

Thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.

51
Q

erosion

A

Wearing away or loss of epidermis

52
Q

fissure

A

Groove or crack-like sore.

53
Q

macule

A

Flat, pigmented lesion measuring less than 1 cm in diameter

54
Q

nodule

A

Solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter.

55
Q

papule

A

Small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin.

56
Q

polyp

A

Growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane

57
Q

pustule

A

Papule containing pus

58
Q

ulcer

A

Open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion).

59
Q

vesicle

A

Small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister

60
Q

wheal

A

Smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is centrally redder
or paler than the surrounding skin.

61
Q

alopecia

A

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

62
Q

ecchymosis (plural:

ecchymoses)

A

Bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin.
Ecchymoses (ec- = out, chym/o = pour) are caused by hemorrhages into the skin
from injury or spontaneous leaking of blood from vessels

63
Q

petechia (plural: petechiae)

A

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage.

64
Q

pruritus

A

Itching

65
Q

acne

A

Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased
production of sebum.

66
Q

cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain,
and swelling.

67
Q

eczema (atopic dermatitis)

A

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or
papalosquamous lesions.

68
Q

exanthematous viral diseases

A

Rash (exanthem) of the skin due to a viral infection

69
Q

gangrene

A

Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply.

70
Q

impetigo

A

Bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules,
and crusted-over lesions.

71
Q

psoriasis

A

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques
covered by silvery gray scales

72
Q

scabies

A

Contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus
(Figure 16-15B).

73
Q

scleroderma

A

Chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with
hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

74
Q

systemic lupus

erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints,
and internal organs

75
Q

tinea

A

Infection of the skin caused by a fungus.

76
Q

urticaria (hives)

A

Acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

77
Q

vitiligo

A

Loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white
patches)

78
Q

callus

A

Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused
by pressure or friction.

79
Q

keloid

A

Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or
surgical incision.

80
Q

keratosis

A

Thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or
skin damage.

81
Q

leukoplakia

A 
White, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue
or cheek (evolves to squamous cell carcinoma)
82
Q

nevus (plural: nevi)

A

Pigmented lesion of the skin

83
Q

verruca (plural: verrucae)

A

Epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

84
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

85
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis.

86
Q

malignant melanoma

A

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

87
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous
nodules

88
Q

curettage

A

Use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion.

89
Q

electrodesiccation

A

Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.

90
Q

Mohs surgery

A

Thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is
examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection

91
Q

ABCDE

A 
asymmetry (of shape), border
(irregularity), color (variation
within one lesion), diameter
(greater than 6 mm), evolution
(change)—characteristics
associated with melanoma

terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions