chapter 1-3 Flashcards
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
sect/o
to cut
thromb/o
clot
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
-cyte
cell
-algia
pain
-ectomy
removal
-emia
blood condition
-genic
pertaining to
producing,
produced by, or
produced in
-globin
protein
-ion
process
-oma
tumor, mass,
swelling
-osis
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
-sis
state of;
condition
-tomy
process of
cutting, incision
dia-
complete,
through
hypochondriac
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs.
epigastric
Middle upper region above the stomach.
lumbar
Right and left middle regions near the waist.
umbilical
Central region near the navel.
inguinal
Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions.
hypogastric
Middle lower region below the umbilical region.
adip/o
fat
chondr/o
cartilage (type of
connective
tissue)
hist/o
tissue
ili/o
ilium (upper part
of the pelvic bone)
inguin/o
groin
kary/o
nucleus
sacr/o
sacrum
thel/o, theli/o
nipple
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus
ana-
up
cata-
down
-plasm
formation
-somes
bodies
-type
picture, classification
acr/o
extremities, top, extreme
point
amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding
the embryo in the uterus)
angi/o
vessel
axill/o
armpit
blephar/o
eyelid
carcin/o
cancer
erythr/o
red
isch/o
to hold back
lapar/o
abdomen, abdominal wall
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
morph/o
shape
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
Context of usage indicates
the meaning intended
neutr/o
neutrophil (a white blood
cell)
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
peritone/o
peritoneum
phag/o
to eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
pneumon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
staphyl/o
clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
ven/o
vein
-cele
hernia
-centesis
surgical puncture
to remove fluid
-coccus
(singular)
-cocci
(plural)
berry-shaped
bacterium
(plural: bacteria)
-dynia
pain
-lysis
breakdown,
destruction,
separation
-malacia
softening
-megaly
enlargement
-penia
-penia deficiency
-plasia
development,
formation, growth
-plasty
surgical
repair
-ptosis
drooping, falling,
prolapse
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-sclerosis
hardening
-stasis
controlling, stopping
-stomy
opening to form a
mouth (stoma)
-trophy
development,
nourishment
-ole little, small arteriole
-ule little, small venule
Streptococcus
a berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains.
Staphylococci
other berry-shaped bacteria, grow in small clusters like grapes.
diplococci
berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs; dipl/o = two)
LEUKOCYTES, or white blood cells
There are five different kinds
of leukocytes: three granulocytes, or polymorphonuclear cells, and two mononuclear cells.
Eosinophils
granules stain red [eosin/o = rosy] with acidic stain) are increased in
number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of leukocytes are
eosinophils.
Basophils
(granules stain blue with basic [bas/o = basic] stain). The function of
basophils is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase
of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are basophils.
Neutrophils
(granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain) are the most important
disease-fighting cells and the most numerous. About 50% to 60% of all leukocytes
are neutrophils. They are phagocytes (phag/o = eating, swallowing)—engulfing and
digesting bacteria like circulating “pac-men.” Neutrophils are referred to as “polys”
or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (poly = many, morph/o = shape) because of their
multilobed nucleus.
Lymphocytes
(lymph cells) fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying
foreign cells. They also may attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them. Two
types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. About 32% of white blood cells are
lymphocytes. In AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), patients have a
serious depletion of T lymphocytes (T cells).
Monocytes
(containing one [mon/o = one] very large nucleus) engulf and destroy
cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. Monocytes leave the
bloodstream and enter tissues (such as lung and liver) to become macrophages,
which are large phagocytes. Monocytes make up about 4% of all leukocytes.
