chapter 17 Flashcards
blephar/o
eyelid (see
palpebr/o)
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
cor/o
pupil (see
pupill/o)
anisocoria
Anis/o means unequal. Anisocoria may be an indication of
neurologic injury or disease
corne/o
cornea (see
kerat/o)
cycl/o
ciliary body or
muscle of the eye
cycloplegic
睫状肌麻痹的
dacry/o
tears, tear duct
see lacrim/o
ir/o, irid/o
iris (colored
portion of the
eye around the
pupil)
kerat/o
cornea
lacrim/o
tears
ocul/o
eye
palpebr/o
eyelid
papill/o
optic disc;
nipple-like
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
uve/o
uvea; vascular
layer of the eye
(iris, ciliary body,
and choroid)
vitre/o
glassy
ambly/o
dull, dim
amblyopia
The suffix -opia means vision. Amblyopia is unilateral or bilateral
reduction of visual acuity. Early in life (before age 7 to 10) ocular
misalignment, such as with strabismus, uncorrected errors of
refraction, or other eye disorders, can lead to amblyopia (also
known as lazy eye
dipl/
double
glauc/o
gray
mi/o
smaller, less
mydr/
widen, enlarge
nyct/o
night
presby/o
old age
scot/o
darkness
scotoma
Area of decreased vision surrounded by an area of normal vision; a
blind spot. This can result from damage to the retina or the optic
nerve.
xer/o
dry
-opia -opsia
vision
-tropia
to turn
astigmatism
Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye
hyperopia (hypermetropia)
Farsightedness.
myopia
Nearsightedness.
presbyopia
Impairment of vision as a result of old age
cataract
Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
chalazion
Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid
diabetic retinopathy
Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms,
hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new
blood vessels form in the retina).
glaucoma
Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and
optic nerve with loss of vision.
hordeolum (stye or sty)
Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a
sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid
macular degeneration
Progressive damage to the macula of the retina
nystagmus
Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
retinal detachment
Two layers of the retina separate from each other
strabismus
Abnormal deviation of the eye.
fluorescein angiography
Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial
photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.
slit lamp microscopy
Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic
magnification.
visual acuity test
Clarity of vision is assessed
visual field test
Measurement of the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central).
enucleation
Removal of the entire eyeball.
keratoplasty
keratoplasty
laser photocoagulation
Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an
inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood
vessel
LASIK
Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia,
hyperopia, and astigmatism).
phacoemulsification
Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated
through the ultrasonic probe
scleral buckle
Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the
retina.
pinna, or auricle
Sound waves enter the ear through the pinna, or auricle [1], which is the projecting part,
or flap, of the ear.
cerumen
ershi
ossicles
These bones, in the order of their vibration, are the malleus [4],
the incus [5], and the stapes [6]
oval window
which separates the middle from the inner ear
auditory
or eustachian tube
8] is a canal leading from the middle ear to the pharynx. It normally is
closed but opens on swallowing. In an efficient way, this tube can prevent damage to the
eardrum and shock to the middle and inner ears
labyrinth
The inner ear is also called the labyrinth because of its circular, mazelike structure
cochlea
The cochlea contains special auditory liquids called
perilymph and endolymph through which the vibrations trave
vestibule
The vestibule [11] connects the cochlea (for hearing) to three
semicircular canals [12] (for balance). The semicircular canals (containing two membranous
sacs called the saccule and utricle) contain a fluid, endolymph, as well as sensitive hair
cells.
aur/o, auricul/o
ear (see ot/o)
mastoid/o
mastoid process
myring/o
eardrum,
tympanic
membrane (see
tympan/o)
ossicul/o
ossicle
salping/o
eustachian tube,
auditory tube
staped/o
stapes (third
bone of the
middle ear)
tympan/o
eardrum,
tympanic
membrane
vestibul/o
vestibule
-acusis or -cusis
hearing
-otia
ear condition
acoustic neuroma
Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth
cranial nerve) in the brain.
cholesteatoma
Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear.
Meniere disease
Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure
within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals
(vestibular hydrops).
otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear
otosclerosis
Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear.
tinnitus
Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears.
vertigo
Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external
objects.
audiometry
Testing the sense of hearing
ear thermometry
Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by
detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
tuning fork test
Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork).
OS
left eye (Latin, oculus sinister)
OD
right eye (Latin, oculus dexter)
conjunctivitis
Commonly called pinkeye (Figure 17-6B). Conjunctivitis occurs
when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic
conjunctivitis), bacterial infection (bacterial conjunctivitis), or
virus (viral conjunctivitis).
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