CHAPTER 7.2-7.3

Question 1

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Answer 1

• series of rx that converts glucose to CO2 that allows the cell to recover energy
• final electron acceptor: O2
• produces large amount of atp (36)
• in bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals

Question 2

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Answer 2

-metabolic strategy used by many microorganisms
- final ea: NO3-, SO4.2-, CO3.3- and other oxidized compounds
- produces 2-36 ATP

Question 3

FERMENTATION

Answer 3

• adaptation used by facultative and aerotolerant anaerobes to incompletely oxidize glucose
• final ea: organic compounds
  -2 ATP

Question 4

Glucose as an energy source:

Answer 4

• primary fuel for most cells. simple sugar that when broken down provides energy
• ATP production
• metabolic importance

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

process that breaks down one glucose molecule into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules

Question 6

first enzyme in glycolysis is ______________

Answer 6

glucokinase

Question 7

glucokinase

Answer 7

phosphorylates glucose to form glucose 6 phosphate

Question 8

what kind of cells can do glycolysis?

Answer 8

ALL CELLS

Question 9

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 9

in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question 10

why is glucose only broken down in glycolysis

Answer 10

glucose fits the enzyme glucokinase and other sugars have to be converted into forms that can enter the pathway

Question 11

glucose is a ___ carbon sugar and pyruvate is a ___ carbon sugar

Answer 11

6;3

Question 12

carbons are _______ in glycolysis

Answer 12

conserved

Question 13

glycolysis requires energy from ________ to start the reaction and _______

Answer 13

2 ATP
break the 6 carbon into two 3 carbon molecules

Question 14

ATP/NADH from glycolysis

Answer 14

gross: 4 ATP and 2 NADH
net: 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 15

ATP/NADH from Krebs

Answer 15

gross: 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2
net: 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2

Question 16

ATP/NADH from ETC

Answer 16

gross: 28 ATP
net: 32 ATP

Question 17

Before pyruvate can enter the kreb’s cycle, it must be turned into_______

Answer 17

acetyl-coA

Question 18

CoA function

Answer 18

allows carbons from pyruvate to enter krebs cycle

Question 19

First step of the kreb’s cycle

Answer 19

the carbons in acetyl join the carbons from oxaloacetate to make citrate. CoA is released

Question 20

Citrate turns back to _______ by ______

Answer 20

oxaloacetate; losing 2 carbons in the form of CO2

Question 21

Products per 1 acetyl coA

Answer 21

3 NADH
1 FADH
1 ATP
2 CO2

Question 22

Kreb’s cycle puts chemical energy into________

Answer 22

NAD and FAD; turns them into NADH and FADH2

Question 23

NADH and FADH2

Answer 23

take energy to the ETC

Question 23

etc is the ______

Answer 23

cell membrane of bacteria
inner mitochondria of a eukaryotic mitochondria

Question 23

etc takes a ____ from either _____ to the _____

Answer 23

hydrogen; NADH/FADH2; other side of the membrane

Question 23

where is the hydrogen sent thru in etc

Answer 23

to produce ATP, H is sent thru ATP synthase

Question 23

in aerobic respiration, what does ATP synthase do

Answer 23

when O2 binds to H that comes thru ATP synthase, it turns into water

Question 23

proton motor force

Answer 23

gradient of hydrogens that are on one side of the membrane

Question 23

how much ATP does NADH and FADH2 make

Answer 23

NADH: 2.5 ATP FADH2: 1.5 ATP