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MICRO20 > CHAPTER 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Be able to classify the four eukaryotic microorganisms as always unicellular, always multicellular or either unicellular or multicellular

A

Protozoa- always unicellular
Fungi- either uni or multi cellular
Algae- either uni or multi cellular
Helminths- always multicellular

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2
Q

Eukaryotic Flagella characteristics

A

10x thicker
structurally more complex
covered by an extension of the cell membrane
same 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
whips back and forth
uses ATP

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3
Q

Prokaryotic flagella characteristics

A

made of flagellin
not covered by membrane
rotates like a propeller
smaller and simpler

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cilia characteristics

A

same 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
rhythmically back and forth
movement of substances (ie respiratory)
short and numbers

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5
Q

Eukaryotic glycocalyx

A
  • protective outer layer found on the surface of some eukaryotic cells
  • made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides
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6
Q

State what Glycocalyx is using extracellular matrix

A

The glycocalyx is a part of the extracellular matrix, a network of proteins and carbohydrates surrounding the cell, aiding in cell support and communication

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7
Q

Function of eu. glycocalyx

A

protects the cell
cell adhesion
participates in cell signaling

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8
Q

which eukaryotes have a cell wall under their glycocalyx

A

fungi
algae
plants

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9
Q

which eukaryotes have a cell membrane under their glycocalyx

A

animal cells
protozoa

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10
Q

Components of a fungal cell wall

A

Chitin
Glucans
Glycoprotein

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11
Q

In addition to phospholipids, eu. cell membranes also contain ______

A

sterols, which maintain membrane fluidity

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12
Q

what external structure of a cell would compensate for the lack of sterols

A

prokaryotes lack sterols but many have a cell wall to compensate for this

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13
Q

eu. cyto. mem. function compared to pro. cell memb

A

both regulate selective permeability and transport of nutrients/waste

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14
Q

what is the defining organelle of a eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus

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15
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

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16
Q

nuclear pores

A

openings that regulate the passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

17
Q

nucleoplasm

A

gel-like substance inside the nucleus

18
Q

nucleolus

A

where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and ribosomes are assembled

19
Q

chromatin

A

linear DNA pieces and eukaryotic chromosomes are pieces of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

20
Q

What is attached to R ER

A

Ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis, they enter the RER to become modified

21
Q

Smooth ER

A

plays a role in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage, which indirectly supports protein production by providing essential lipids for cell membranes

22
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids received from the ER for transport either inside or outside the cell
AKA POST OFFICE

23
Q

Lysosome

A
  • Membrane bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
  • breaks down waste material, cell debris and foreign particles
24
Q

Vacuole

A

-membrane bound sacs found primarily in plant cells but are also in some animal and protist cells
plants: store water, nutrients, waste and maintains turgor pressure
animals: store and transport substances

25
Q

Mitochondria

A

double membraned organelle responsible for producing energy through the process of cellular respiration

26
Q

chloroplast

A

double membraned organelle foundin plants and algae
performs photosynthesis, converts sunlight+CO2+water into glucose
contains chlorophyll

27
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein filaments that provide structural support to the cellm

28
Q

microfilament

A
  • thin filaments made of actin
  • supports cell shape, mobility
    involved in muscle contraction, cell movement
29
Q

intermediate filaments

A
  • rope-like fibers more stable than actin filaments
    provides mechanical strength
    maintains cell integrity and anchor organelles
30
Q

microtubules

A
  • hollow tubes make of tubulin proteins
    involved in cell shape and transport of organelles and vesicles
    essential for cell division and movement of cilia/flagella
31
Q

endosymbiosis

A

complex cells we call eukaryotes evolved when a big simple cell swallowed up a smaller, simple cell billions of years ago. instead of digesting the smaller cell, the two started to live and work in unison

32
Q

Sterols

A

Helps maintain fluidity and overall structure of the membrane to prevent the cell from bursting

MICRO20 (16 decks)

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