CHAPTER 5

Question 1

active virus

Answer 1

capable of being replicated

Question 2

inactive virus

Answer 2

unable to replicate

Question 3

obligative intracellular parasites

Answer 3

understand that these require a host cell to replicate

Question 4

capsid

Answer 4

the protein shell of a virus that encases the viral genome

Question 5

virion

Answer 5

the complete virus particle, including the capsid and the envolved genetic material

Question 6

enveloped virus

Answer 6

a virus that has an outer lipid membrane surrounding the capsid

Question 7

viral genome

Answer 7

the genetic material of the virus

Question 8

adsorption

Answer 8

the virus attaches to the host cell and adsorbs specifically to the receptor sites on the cell membrane

Question 9

penetration and uncoating

Answer 9

the virus enters the host cell and its genetic material is released

Question 10

synthesis

Answer 10

the host cell machinery replicates the viral genome and synthesizes viral proteins

Question 11

assembly

Answer 11

new viral particles are assembled inside the host cell

Question 12

release

Answer 12

new viruses are released from the host cell, often killing it in the process

Question 13

order of viral replication

Answer 13

1. Adsorption- virus attaching to host cell via receptor sites on the cell membrane
2. penetration/uncoating- virus enters host cell, releases its genetic material inside
3. synthesis- host cell machinery replicates viral genome/synthesizes viral proteins
4. assembly- new viral particles are assembled inside the host cell
5. release- new viruses release from the host cell, killed in the process

Question 14

prion

Answer 14

type of infectious agent composed of only protein

Question 15

prion composition

Answer 15

made of abnormal proteins that cause diseases

Question 16

BSE or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Answer 16

a neurodegenerative disease in cattle, also known as “mad cow disease”
caused by prions

Question 17

viroid

Answer 17

infectious agent composed of a short strand of circular, single stranded RNA

Question 18

epidemic

Answer 18

an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals within a specific population

Question 19

coccidioidomycosis

Answer 19

also known as valley finger, which is caused by coccidioides species which is contracted through inhaling fungal spores

Question 20

mycosis

Answer 20

refers to any disease caused by a fungal infection. can affect various parts of the body

Question 21

saprobic fungi

Answer 21

fungi that obtain their nutrients from decomposing organic matter, such as dead plants and animals

Question 22

Parasitic fungi

Answer 22

fungi that feed on living organisms (plants, animals, or other fungi) often cause disease or harm to their host

Question 23

hypha

Answer 23

a long branching filamentous structure of a fungus. they collectively form the mycelium which are responsible for nutrient absorption

Question 24

mycelium

Answer 24

mass of hyphae that forms the vegetative part of a fungus. absorbs nutrients from the environment

Question 25

fungal spores

Answer 25

reproductive units of fungi which can be spread via air, water or animals

Question 26

Virus components

Answer 26

• acellular
• intracellular parasite
• requires a host cell to grow
• influenza
• no benefits

Question 27

Endosymbiotic organelle components

Answer 27

• intracellular
• organelle
• from last common ancestor, symbiotic
• mitochondria
• has mutual benefit for the host cell and itself

Question 28

Virus structure

Answer 28

• virus is a package of genetic information (RNA AND DNA)
• has spikes or envelope proteins on the outside
• covered by capsid or coat (for protein protection)

Question 29

enveloped virus vs naked virus

Answer 29

enveloped- has envelope/envelope proteins
naked- no envelope/protein spikes

Question 30

envelope

Answer 30

part of the phospholipid bilayer that was on the cell that was infected and makes the virus

Question 31

tropism

Answer 31

specific binding of a viral spike/envelope protein to its respective cellular receptor
basically where the virus replicates

Question 32

Where do viruses attach to in order to start infection

Answer 32

viral spikes or envelope proteins

Question 33

Acute infection

Answer 33

damages infected cells, sometimes inflammation

Question 34

chronic infection

Answer 34

mainly immune response damage to infected cells, virus does not hurt infected cells

Question 35

latent/lytic infection

Answer 35

Latent- virus is dormant and hiding . no replication. goes in between these states
Lytic- virus is acute

Question 36

oncogenic virus

Answer 36

kind of latent. virus forces cells to grow better faster which leads to cancer

Question 37

example of acute viral infection

Answer 37

Hep A virus and Rhinovirus

Question 38

example of chronic viral infection

Answer 38

Hep B virus

Question 39

example of latent viral infection

Answer 39

Herpes simplex and Varicella (which causes chicken pox)

Question 40

example of oncogenic viral infection

Answer 40

Human Papilloma virus

Question 41

endosymbiotic vs virus

Answer 41

Endosymbiote- intracellular/obligative/endosym.
virus- intracellular/obligative/parasitic

Question 42

difference between virus and viroid

Answer 42

virus= genetic info + protein
Viroid= genetic info only

Question 43

What stops the production of ergosterol?

Answer 43

Fluconazole