CHAPTER 7.1 Flashcards
chemical energy is stored ______
in chemical bonds
the transfer of a chemical bond in a cell requires _____
energy
anabolism
any process, requiring energy, that results in larger molecules or structures
catabolism
opposite of anabolism; breaks the bonds of larger molecules into smaller molecules and releases energy
metabolism
pertains to all chemical reactions and physical workings of a cell
enzyme
special class of macromolecules that can increase the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the reaction. can be used again
holoenzyme
conjugated enzyme; combination of protein and one or more cofactors; the actual protein portion is called the apoenzyme
cofactors
either organic molecules (coenzymes) or inorganic elements (metal ions)
substrate binding site
part of an enzyme where the substrate (the molecule it works on) attaches.
The active site has a special shape that fits the substrate, kind of like a lock and key.
When the substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme helps the chemical reaction happen faster.
After the reaction, the enzyme lets go of the new product and is ready to work again.
regulated enzymes are also referred to as _______
inducible
constitutive enzymes
always present in relatively constant amounts, regardless the amount of substrates nearby
regulated enzyme
they are either turned on or off in response to changes in concentration of the substrate
competitive inhibition
when a molecule resembles the enzymes substrate, it can occupy the enzymes active site, preventing the actual substrate from binding. competiting against the substrate
non-competitive inhibition
type of inhibtion that occurs with speical types of enzymes that have two binding sites - active and regulatory sites. these enzymes are reguylated by the bining of molecules other than the substtates in the dife
