Chapter 71: Arthroscopy

Question 1

What three measurements are used to describe an arthroscope?

Answer 1

Working length
distal lens angle (viewing angle)
telescope diameter

Question 2

Name 2 ways the camera and scope are attached?

Answer 2

• spring loaded clip
• direct coupling (glass on glass)

Question 3

what is the most common light source for arthroscopy and what are its advantages?

Answer 3

Xenon
- provides increased light intensity, greater visual clarity and color rendition

Question 4

Which is more physiologic for arthroscopy, saline or lactated ringers solution?

Answer 4

Lactated ringers.
May have less effect on cartilage.

Question 5

Starting pressure for arthroscopy?

Answer 5

60mmHg
*the ideal pressure is not established

Question 6

Name 3 types of arthroscopic knife?

Answer 6

Hook knife, meniscal push knife, Bayonet knife

Question 7

Which distractor was used in shoulder arthroscopy in a 2021 paper by Aoki et al?

Answer 7

Leipzig distractor. The joint space was 4mm larger, and there was increased visibility of the supraglenoid tubercle – no difference with other intraarticular structures.

Question 8

What is the postoperative infection rate for arthroscopy?

Answer 8

<1%

Question 9

What are two instruments that can increase joint space/help you visualize the meniscus during stifle arthroscopy?

Answer 9

Ventura stifle thrust lever

Stifle distractors (Leipzig, etc)

Question 10

What are (7) possible benefits of arthroscopy?

Answer 10

Decreased morbidity
faster recovery
decreased complication rates
improved functional outcomes
decreased (?) anesthesia and surgery times
decreased hospitalization time
enhanced client satisfaction

Question 11

What are the five things on the arthroscopy tower?

Answer 11

Monitor
Camera box
light source
fluid pump
shaver box

Question 12

The distal lens angle is also called the viewing angle of the arthroscope. What is the most common angle?

Answer 12

30 degrees

Question 13

What are “short” and “long” working lengths for arthroscopes?

Answer 13

Short: 8.5cm
Long: 13cm

Question 14

What are the common diameters of the arthroscope?

Answer 14

1.9mm
2.3 OR 2.4mm
2.7mm

Question 15

What are disadvantages of halogen and metal halide light sources?

Answer 15

They’re yellowish and they dim over time

Question 16

What may isotonic solutions (~300 mOsm/L) do to cartilage after mechanical insult (during arthroscopy)?

Answer 16

Increase chondrocyte death

Question 17

Hyperosmolar solutions may have a chondroprotective effect in arthroscopy. What is the mOsm/L of a hypertonic solution?

Answer 17

600 mOsm/L
Less fluid extravasation, no negative effect on chondrocytes

Question 18

What are the three types of shaver tips in the photo?

Answer 18

A: Radial shaver
B:Burr
C: aggressive cutter

Question 19

In the photo of electrosurgery tips (from arthroscopy chapter) what are the two shown?

Answer 19

A: Standard
B: Arthroscopic

Question 20

There is a picture of three instruments with baby blue, baby pink, and navy handles. What are these?

Answer 20

Arthroscopic curettes.

Question 21

What is the red-handled Arthrex instrument?

Answer 21

Arthroscopic micropick for microfracture.

Question 22

There is a combined image of three arthroscopic knives with four things labeled, what are they?

Answer 22

A hook knife
A Meniscal push knife (U shaped)
A Bayonet knife (angled blade)
The other thing is the handle on the bayonet

Question 23

There are two types of arthroscopic grasping forceps in one picture. What is the difference between them?

Answer 23

One is locking. It has an extra bar across the handles

Question 24

The pointed grasping forceps without end teeth is pictured alone. What is unique in the picture?

Answer 24

There is an extra finger hold/ring feature on the handle

Question 25

The arthroscopic instrument with purple bands on it is what?

Answer 25

A punch forceps.

Question 26

There is a picture of an instrument tray for arthroscopy. What is in it?

Answer 26

It is a arthroscopic cannula and switching stick set.

Question 27

Rotation of a 30 degree arthroscope gives an overall ____degree field of view?

Answer 27

60 degree (photo of scope with yellow and red views)

Question 28

The camera pictured with a yellow background is what?

Answer 28

A three chip camera with controls for zoom, white balance and image capture.

Question 29

In the image of three arthroscopes, which scope is A, B, and C?

Answer 29

A 1.9mm 30
B 2.3mm 30
**C 2.7mm 30- degree oblique

Question 30

There is an image of a cannula and obturator. What is it and what is labeled A, B, C?

Answer 30

It is a rigid, multi-fenestrated outflow/egress cannula
A: obturator
B: Fenestrations
C: Stopcock valve