Chapter 2: Genetics

Question 1

What percent of the genome codes for mRNA?

Answer 1

10%

Question 2

DNA is made of four bases, what are they?

Answer 2

Purines:
Adenine
Guanine

Pyrimidines:
Thymine
Cytosine

Question 3

What are the two major ways DNA is used?

Answer 3

Replication (copy DNA)
Transcription to RNA to be translated into proteins by ribosomes

Question 4

What is thymine replaced with in transcribing DNA to RNA?

Answer 4

Thymine -> Uracil

Question 5

When stored, DNA is wrapped around _______ and further condensed into _______?

Answer 5

Histones
Chromatin

Question 6

What are genes?

Answer 6

Regions of DNA that contain the information required to develop the structure and function of a cell.
They transmit characteristic traits from parents to offspring

Question 7

How many Genes are there in the canine genome?
How many are duplicated?

Answer 7

20,000
216 duplicated

Question 8

What are Exons?
Introns?
Codons?

Answer 8

Exon: coding DNA
Intron: Non-coding DNA
Codon: 3 nucleotide group that codes for an individual amino acid

Question 9

What is the start codon?
What direction do ribosomes translate in?

Answer 9

AUG
5’ to 3’

Question 10

What is reverse transcriptase?

Answer 10

Allows DNA to be coded back from RNA. The DNA can then be integrated into the genome.
- if it integrates in the middle of a gene it can cause disease ichthyosis)
- Telomerase is an example