Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards
large cytoplasmic complex where proteins marked with ubiquitin are taken apart
proteasome
an enzymatic RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing
ribozyme
the most abundant type of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the structure of ribosomes
ribosomal RNA
an enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription
RNA polymerase
the rules that govern which amino acid is specified by each codon
genetic code
a specialized base triplet on one end of tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on a mRNA molecule
anticodon
a family of enzymes, at least one for each amino acid, that catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to its specific tRNA molecule
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
the transfer of information from a DNA molecule into an RNA molecule
transcription
the coding region of a eukaryotic gene that is expressed. Exons are separated from each other by introns
exon
the non-coding, intervening sequence of a coding region (exon) in eukaryotic genes
intron
the transfer of information from an RNA molecule into a polypeptide
translation
a type of RNA that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and species the primary structure of a protein
mRNA
a cell organelle-constructed in the nucleolus, consisting of two subunits and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
ribosome
modification of RNA before it leaves the nucleus, a process unique to eukaryotes
RNA processing
the order of triplets in a nucleotide sequence (3 are possible but 1 is correct)
reading frame
a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid of termination signal
codon
a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA, flanking the start of a gene; instructs RNA polymerase where to start transcribing RNA
promoter
bond. the covalent bond that holds two amino acids together in a polypeptide
peptide bond
an RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
tRNA
the tRNA that recognizes the first AUG codon
initiator tRNA
the nuclear particle that facilities the splicing process
spliceosome
the removal of non-coding portions of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis
RNA splicing
