Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

a unit of length equal to 1 billionth of a meter

Answer 1

nanometer

Question 2

the cell material between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

any of the several threadlike structures consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

a unit of length equal to 1 millionth of a meter

Answer 4

micrometer

Question 5

prokaryotic single cell organisms that generally have no internal compartment

Answer 5

bacterium

Question 6

an optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of the lenses to produce magnified images of small objects

Answer 6

microscope

Question 7

membrane-noun cytoplasmic organelles in most eukaryotic cells where respiration occurs

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

organelles with a double membrane found in eukaryotic plant cells that are the site of photosynthesis

Answer 8

chloroplast

Question 9

the organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic information necessary for control of cell structure and function

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

the change in life over time by adaption, variation, over-reproduction, and differential survival/reproduction

Answer 10

evolution

Question 11

single-celled eukaryotic organisms including paramecium, amoeba, and many others

Answer 11

protozoa

Question 12

the smallest units of living material capable of functioning independently

Answer 12

cell

Question 13

species that is extensively studied to understand biological phenomena, with the expectation that the model with provide insight into the workings of other organisms

Answer 13

model organism

Question 14

aqueous solution inside cells but not inside any organelles

Answer 14

cytosol

Question 15

type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles

Answer 15

prokaryote

Question 16

particle composed of RNA and Proteins that translate mRNA codons into polypeptides

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

the total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism

Answer 17

genome

Question 18

a type of cell characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus and other membranous organelles

Answer 18

eukaryote

Question 19

the internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules

Answer 19

cytoskeleton

Question 20

a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is separately enclosed within its own lipid membrane

Answer 20

organelle