Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

a spiral form or structure

Answer 1

helix

Question 2

a small molecule that binds to specific site on a larger molecule (receptor)

Answer 2

ligand

Question 3

inhibition. an inhibitor of activity due to the production of an end product of the action

Answer 3

feedback

Question 4

molecules (usually proteins) that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions

Answer 4

enzyme

Question 5

an enzyme that transfers ATP to a protein

Answer 5

kinase

Question 6

one of the parts of a larger structure

Answer 6

subunit

Question 7

the structure formed at the highest energy state in a reaction

Answer 7

transition state

Question 8

a group of proteins clearly related in an evolution sense

Answer 8

protein family

Question 9

a protein secondary structure resulting from hydrogen boning between atoms that are not close in the backbone

Answer 9

beta sheet

Question 10

the covalent attached portion of a protein that does not include the amino acid side chains

Answer 10

polypeptide backbone

Question 11

the primary structure of a protein

Answer 11

amino acid sequence

Question 12

two alpha-helices wrapped around each other

Answer 12

coiled coil

Question 13

an enzyme that removes a phosphate from a protein

Answer 13

phosphatase

Question 14

an allosteric protein whose conformation and activity depends on the attachment of GTP

Answer 14

GTP binding protein

Question 15

a portion of a protein that has specific shape and performs a specific function

Answer 15

protein domain

Question 16

the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Answer 16

conformation

Question 17

a protein that uses the energy of ATP to move along a substrate

Answer 17

motor protein

Question 18

a region on a protein, DNA, or RNA to which specific other molecules form a chemical bond

Answer 18

binding site

Question 19

a protein secondary structure resulting from hydrogen bonding between atoms that are close in the backbone

Answer 19

alpha helix

Question 20

the substance on which an enzyme acts

Answer 20

substrate

Question 21

a change in the shape (and activity) on an enzyme caused by binding of a substance at al location other that the active site

Answer 21

allosteric

Question 22

the attachment of a phosphate to a protein

Answer 22

phosphorylation

Question 23

immune system protein that binds very tightly to a certain antigen

Answer 23

antibody

Question 24

the portion of amino acids not included in the backbone of a protein

Answer 24

side chain

Question 25

molecule or part of a molecule that an antibody binds to

Answer 25

antigen

Question 26

covalent bond formed between two cysteine amino acid side chains

Answer 26

disulfide

Question 27

the site on an enzyme where the reaction takes place

Answer 27

active site

Question 28

a nearly round shaped protein

Answer 28

globular protein

Question 29

protein structure that results from interactions between backbone atoms

Answer 29

secondary structure

Question 30

polymer of amino acids

Answer 30

proteins

Question 31

a long slender protein such as collagen, intermediate filaments, etc.

Answer 31

fibrous protein