Chapter 16 Vocab Flashcards
one of many types of circulating chemical signals that travel in body fluids, and coordinate cell function
hormone
an enzyme molecule that can be turned on or off to effect regulation
molecular switch
a membrane protein that functions as a relay switch between hormone receptors and adenylyl cyclase
G protein linked receptor
a small, ring-shaped molecule that acts as an intracellular second messenger
cyclic AMP
an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a chemical signal
adenylyl cyclase
a mechanism linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a cellular response
signal transduction
lipid soluble messengers
steroid hormone
chemicals released from the tip of an axon into the synaptic cleft where a nerve impulse arrives
neurotransmitter
on or in a cell, a specific protein molecule whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger, such as a hormone
receptor protein
an enzyme-linked receptor that adds phosphate groups to a tyrosine
tyrosine kinase
communication between cells using extracellular chemicals
cell signaling
an enzyme that relates inositol phospholipids from the membrane for signaling
phospholipase C
a lipid produced by the cleavage of inositol phospholipids in response to extracellular signals
diacyl glycerol
an intracellular protein to which calcium binds in its function as a second messenger in hormone action
calmodulin
chemical signals that travel very short distances
local mediator
