Chapter 3 Vocab Flashcards
the energy input required to initiate a chemical reaction
activation energy
process by which the chemical energy of organic molecules released in a series of metabolic steps to produce ATP
respiration
the respiratory activated carrier
NADH
adenosine diphosphate; adenosine with two phosphate groups
ADP
a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without changes itself
catalyst
the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule (complete or partial)
reduction
the process bye hick plant cells use light energy to produce sugars
photosynthesis
the loss of electrons from an atom or molecule (complete or partial)
oxidation
the photosynthesis activated carrier
NADPH
small organic molecules that carry energy for a short period of time
activated carrier
energy that can be extracted from a system to do work
free energy
using the energy given off by one reaction to drive another
coupled reaction
the same of all chemical reactions (energy exchanges) in cells
metabolism
small water-soluble molecule that carries acetyl groups in cells
acetyl CoA
the breaking of a covalent bond by the addition of water
hydrolysis
the amount of disorder in a system
entropy
adenosine triphosphate; a common molecule in which energy is stored in living systems
ATP
the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion
a reaction (or process) taking place at the same forward and reverse reaction rates
equilibrium
the substance which an enzyme binds to and acts upon
substrate
the change in free energy during a chemical reaction n
Delta G
a number that denotes the ratio of the forward and reverse rate constants of a reaction
equilibrium constant
the formation of a new covalent bond by removal of water
condensation/dehydration
the maximum rate of an enzymatic reaction
Vmax
molecules (usually proteins) that act as catalysis in biochemical reactions
enzyme
the concentration of substance at which an enzyme works at half its maximum rate
Km
