Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

the energy input required to initiate a chemical reaction

Answer 1

activation energy

Question 2

process by which the chemical energy of organic molecules released in a series of metabolic steps to produce ATP

Answer 2

respiration

Question 3

the respiratory activated carrier

Answer 3

NADH

Question 4

adenosine diphosphate; adenosine with two phosphate groups

Answer 4

ADP

Question 5

a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without changes itself

Answer 5

catalyst

Question 6

the gain of electrons by an atom or molecule (complete or partial)

Answer 6

reduction

Question 7

the process bye hick plant cells use light energy to produce sugars

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

the loss of electrons from an atom or molecule (complete or partial)

Answer 8

oxidation

Question 9

the photosynthesis activated carrier

Answer 9

NADPH

Question 10

small organic molecules that carry energy for a short period of time

Answer 10

activated carrier

Question 11

energy that can be extracted from a system to do work

Answer 11

free energy

Question 12

using the energy given off by one reaction to drive another

Answer 12

coupled reaction

Question 13

the same of all chemical reactions (energy exchanges) in cells

Answer 13

metabolism

Question 14

small water-soluble molecule that carries acetyl groups in cells

Answer 14

acetyl CoA

Question 15

the breaking of a covalent bond by the addition of water

Answer 15

hydrolysis

Question 16

the amount of disorder in a system

Answer 16

entropy

Question 17

adenosine triphosphate; a common molecule in which energy is stored in living systems

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

the spontaneous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 18

diffusion

Question 19

a reaction (or process) taking place at the same forward and reverse reaction rates

Answer 19

equilibrium

Question 20

the substance which an enzyme binds to and acts upon

Answer 20

substrate

Question 21

the change in free energy during a chemical reaction n

Answer 21

Delta G

Question 22

a number that denotes the ratio of the forward and reverse rate constants of a reaction

Answer 22

equilibrium constant

Question 23

the formation of a new covalent bond by removal of water

Answer 23

condensation/dehydration

Question 24

the maximum rate of an enzymatic reaction

Answer 24

Vmax

Question 25

molecules (usually proteins) that act as catalysis in biochemical reactions

Answer 25

enzyme

Question 26

the concentration of substance at which an enzyme works at half its maximum rate

Answer 26

Km