Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards
a pore protein that has exact shape to allow certain molecules to cross the membrane
channel protein
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
the charge difference between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid in all cells
membrane potential
any membrane-embedded protein that enables small molecules to cross the membrane
membrane transport protein
a nerve cell; the fundamental unit of the nervous system
neuron
a chemical messenger related from a neuron at a chemical synapse that stimulates the postsynaptic cell
neurotransmitter
channels that open when physical pressure is applied
stress activated channel (stretch gated channel)
the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
passive transport
small package of neurotransmitters
synaptic vesicle
channel that opens in response to the binding of a messenger molecule
ligand gated channel
a membrane protein the changes shape to transport molecules across the membrane
carrier protein
a typically long extension, or process, from a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells
axon
a small portion of cell membrane is use to study the flow of current
patch clamp recording
transport of two different molecules at the same time
coupled transporter
a measure of the tendency of a solution to take up water
osmotic pressure
the diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy
electrical chemical gradient
a special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of and potassium into the cell
sodium potassium pump
a narrow gap between a synaptic terminal of an axon and a signal-receiving portion of another neuron or effector cell
synapses
transport of molecules against a concentration gradient with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and the energy from ATP
active transport
channels which open when the membrane potential changes
voltage gated channel
a reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron that occurs when a nerve cell is stimulated
action potential
