Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 1

a pore protein that has exact shape to allow certain molecules to cross the membrane

Answer 1

channel protein

Question 2

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 2

osmosis

Question 3

the charge difference between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid in all cells

Answer 3

membrane potential

Question 4

any membrane-embedded protein that enables small molecules to cross the membrane

Answer 4

membrane transport protein

Question 5

a nerve cell; the fundamental unit of the nervous system

Answer 5

neuron

Question 6

a chemical messenger related from a neuron at a chemical synapse that stimulates the postsynaptic cell

Answer 6

neurotransmitter

Question 7

channels that open when physical pressure is applied

Answer 7

stress activated channel (stretch gated channel)

Question 8

the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane

Answer 8

passive transport

Question 9

small package of neurotransmitters

Answer 9

synaptic vesicle

Question 10

channel that opens in response to the binding of a messenger molecule

Answer 10

ligand gated channel

Question 11

a membrane protein the changes shape to transport molecules across the membrane

Answer 11

carrier protein

Question 12

a typically long extension, or process, from a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells

Answer 12

axon

Question 13

a small portion of cell membrane is use to study the flow of current

Answer 13

patch clamp recording

Question 14

transport of two different molecules at the same time

Answer 14

coupled transporter

Question 15

a measure of the tendency of a solution to take up water

Answer 15

osmotic pressure

Question 16

the diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy

Answer 16

electrical chemical gradient

Question 17

a special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of and potassium into the cell

Answer 17

sodium potassium pump

Question 18

a narrow gap between a synaptic terminal of an axon and a signal-receiving portion of another neuron or effector cell

Answer 18

synapses

Question 19

transport of molecules against a concentration gradient with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and the energy from ATP

Answer 19

active transport

Question 20

channels which open when the membrane potential changes

Answer 20

voltage gated channel

Question 21

a reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron that occurs when a nerve cell is stimulated

Answer 21

action potential