Chapter 7 VOCAB

Question 1

Allele-

Answer 1

An alternative form of a gene

Question 2

Chromosome-

Answer 2

Nuclear cell structure that contains DNA in humans

Question 3

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)-

Answer 3

The FBI’s computerized criminal DNA databases as well as the software used to run these databases; includes the National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Question 4

DNA fingerprint (profile)-

Answer 4

Pattern of DNA fragments obtained by analyzing a person’s unique sequences of noncoding DNA

Question 5

Electrophoresis-

Answer 5

A method of separating molecules, such as DNA, according to size

Question 6

Exon-

Answer 6

Portion of gene that is expressed

Question 7

Gene-

Answer 7

Segment of DNA that codes for a trait

Question 8

Genome-

Answer 8

All the DNA found in human cells

Question 9

Intron-

Answer 9

Portion of a gene that is not expressed

Question 10

Karyotype-

Answer 10

A picture of the paired homologous chromosomes and sex chromosomes in a cell

Question 11

Polymerase chain reactions (PCR)-

Answer 11

A method of amplifying (duplicating) minute amounts of DNA evidence for use in investigations

Question 12

Polymorphism-

Answer 12

Region of repeating DNA within an intron that is highly variable from person to person

Question 13

Primer-

Answer 13

Sequence of DNA added to trigger replication of a specific section of DNA

Question 14

Restriction enzyme-

Answer 14

“molecular scissors”; a molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific base sequence

Question 15

Restriction fragment-

Answer 15

DNA fragment that restriction enzymes create, as in preparation for gel electrophoresis

Question 16

Short Tandem repeats (STR)-

Answer 16

Sequence of repeating bases in noncoding regions of DNA that are used in DNA profiling