Chapter 17

Question 1

Percentage of females that make up juvenile arrests?

Answer 1

4 times less than men, less than 50% probably close to 30

Question 2

Is it true that the epidemic of youth violence occurred at the same time as drug arrests in the US?

Answer 2

Yes

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Question 3

Are youth gangs today more or less of a problem than they once were?

Answer 3

More

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Question 4

Where did the idea that children should be treated differently than adults originate from?

Answer 4

English common law and chancery courts

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Question 5

Know the Roper v Simmons case?

Answer 5

No death penalty for offenders who commit a murder while younger than 18

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Question 6

Know what truancy is?

Answer 6

When someone skips school or doesn’t go without a reason

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Question 7

Have juveniles always retained due process rights in the US?

Answer 7

No

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Question 8

What is the standard of proof for juveniles?

Answer 8

Beyond a reasonable doubt

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Question 9

Know what a status offense is?

Answer 9

Any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult

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Question 10

Know what is meant by the juvenile rights period?

Answer 10

This is the period from 1960 to 2005 where juvenile rights were expanded due to increased “legalization” of juvenile law.

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Question 11

Know the term parens patriae?

Answer 11

The state as parent; the state as guardian and protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves

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Question 12

Can a juvenile waive their right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination?

Answer 12

Juveniles can, only if the judge considers the entire situation and determines the juvenile did it voluntarily and understand what they are doing.

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Question 13

What are the goals within juvenile corrections?

Answer 13

To avoid unnecessary incarceration, rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, and getting tough

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Question 14

What are the percentages of juveniles placed on probation and released to parents?

Answer 14

64%

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Question 15

What are the four types of cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system?

Answer 15

Delinquency- act is criminal if done by an adult Status offense- the act is illegal only if committed by juvenile Neglect- Child receiving inadequate parental care Dependency- no parent or guardian

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Question 16

According to the Justice Department, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?

Answer 16

crime

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Question 17

Which of the below answers has not had the most significant impact on the juvenile justice system?

Answer 17

Tough on crime policies

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Question 18

Know what is meant by a neglected child?

Answer 18

A child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents

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Question 19

Common law, at what age were children exempt from criminal responsibility?

Answer 19

Younger than 7, kids ages 7-14 could be punished if they showed the proper mindset

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Question 20

Know what a status offender is?

Answer 20

A juvenile who commits a status offense

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Question 21

Comparisons between adults and juveniles and the due process rights?

Answer 21

Juveniles like adults have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy, to have adequate notice of charges when confinement is a punishment (adults know charges in any circumstance). Juveniles have less rights to public trials and a jury, but adults do not have the right to treatment like juveniles

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Question 22

Which statement is most accurate Are most violations for juveniles of state laws, federal laws, and municipal laws equal, or unequal?

Answer 22

State more than anything else

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Question 23

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to an adult court in the US?

Answer 23

Many states have no minimum age for a juvenile to be waived to adult court

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Question 24

NJ vs TLO?

Answer 24

School officials may search a student if they have a reasonable suspicion that the search will produce evidence that a school rule or a criminal law has been violated

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Question 25

Know what the word diversion means?

Answer 25

The process of screening children out of the juvenile system without a decision by the court ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 26

Who brings most of the complaints against juveniles, parents, school officials, police, or victims?

Answer 26

Police ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 27

Public support is strongest for what type of punishment when dealing with delinquent juveniles?

Answer 27

Rehabilitation ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 28

What is a waiver?

Answer 28

Procedure by which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court. ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 29

Know what an intake is?

Answer 29

An intake is a hearing where a hearing officer presides and determines whether the alleged facts are sufficient for the juvenile court to take jurisdiction or whether some other action would be in the child’s best interest. ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 30

Know what migration is?

Answer 30

As juveniles and gangs move from one area to another to commit crimes ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 31

Warrant?

Answer 31

A court order authorizing polcie officals to take certain actions, used in adult court to arrest offenders ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 32

Judgment?

Answer 32

The decision that the judge makes after considering the evidence to come to the most sensible conclusion ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 33

Know the difference between a delinquent child vs a neglected child vs a dependent child?

Answer 33

Delinquent child- A child who has committed an act that if carried out by an adult would be a criminal act Neglected child- A child who is receiving inadequate care because of some inaction or action of his or her parents Dependent child- A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 34

Know what PINS is?

Answer 34

The acronym for “persons(s) in need of supervision” is a term that designates juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 35

What is meant by adjudication?

Answer 35

This is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process and can include a hearing to determine if the child is delinquent if they did not confess or the case hasn’t been ## Footnote No additional information provided

Question 36

What is meant by dependent child?

Answer 36

A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care ## Footnote Example: A child who has been abandoned by their parents

Question 37

What is PINS an acronym for?

Answer 37

Persons(s) in need of supervision ## Footnote Example: Juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble

Question 38

What is meant by adjudication?

Answer 38

The trial stage of the juvenile justice process ## Footnote Example: A hearing to determine if the child is delinquent if they did not confess or the case hasn’t been waived to adult court

Question 39

What is meant by disposition?

Answer 39

A hearing to decide what action should be taken when a juvenile is found to be delinquent ## Footnote Example: Typically based on the predisposition report and takes into account the best interest of the child

Question 40

When can an offender receive probation?

Answer 40

As a type of treatment/punishment ## Footnote Other options include intermediate sanctions (warning, fine, restitution, community service, withholding judgment), custodial care, institutional programs (education and rehab), aftercare (parole), community treatment (group homes for counseling and structure)