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Law > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Percentage of females that make up juvenile arrests?

A

4 times less than men, less than 50% probably close to 30

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2
Q

Is it true that the epidemic of youth violence occurred at the same time as drug arrests in the US?

A

Yes

No additional information provided

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3
Q

Are youth gangs today more or less of a problem than they once were?

A

More

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4
Q

Where did the idea that children should be treated differently than adults originate from?

A

English common law and chancery courts

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5
Q

Know the Roper v Simmons case?

A

No death penalty for offenders who commit a murder while younger than 18

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6
Q

Know what truancy is?

A

When someone skips school or doesn’t go without a reason

No additional information provided

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7
Q

Have juveniles always retained due process rights in the US?

A

No

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8
Q

What is the standard of proof for juveniles?

A

Beyond a reasonable doubt

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9
Q

Know what a status offense is?

A

Any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, such as truancy or running away from home, but that would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult

No additional information provided

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10
Q

Know what is meant by the juvenile rights period?

A

This is the period from 1960 to 2005 where juvenile rights were expanded due to increased “legalization” of juvenile law.

No additional information provided

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11
Q

Know the term parens patriae?

A

The state as parent; the state as guardian and protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves

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12
Q

Can a juvenile waive their right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination?

A

Juveniles can, only if the judge considers the entire situation and determines the juvenile did it voluntarily and understand what they are doing.

No additional information provided

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13
Q

What are the goals within juvenile corrections?

A

To avoid unnecessary incarceration, rehabilitation, deterrence, retribution, and getting tough

No additional information provided

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14
Q

What are the percentages of juveniles placed on probation and released to parents?

A

64%

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15
Q

What are the four types of cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system?

A

Delinquency- act is criminal if done by an adult Status offense- the act is illegal only if committed by juvenile Neglect- Child receiving inadequate parental care Dependency- no parent or guardian

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16
Q

According to the Justice Department, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today?

A

crime

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17
Q

Which of the below answers has not had the most significant impact on the juvenile justice system?

A

Tough on crime policies

No additional information provided

18
Q

Know what is meant by a neglected child?

A

A child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents

No additional information provided

19
Q

Common law, at what age were children exempt from criminal responsibility?

A

Younger than 7, kids ages 7-14 could be punished if they showed the proper mindset

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20
Q

Know what a status offender is?

A

A juvenile who commits a status offense

No additional information provided

21
Q

Comparisons between adults and juveniles and the due process rights?

A

Juveniles like adults have the right to counsel, to confront and examine accusers, protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy, to have adequate notice of charges when confinement is a punishment (adults know charges in any circumstance). Juveniles have less rights to public trials and a jury, but adults do not have the right to treatment like juveniles

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22
Q

Which statement is most accurate Are most violations for juveniles of state laws, federal laws, and municipal laws equal, or unequal?

A

State more than anything else

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23
Q

What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to an adult court in the US?

A

Many states have no minimum age for a juvenile to be waived to adult court

No additional information provided

24
Q

NJ vs TLO?

A

School officials may search a student if they have a reasonable suspicion that the search will produce evidence that a school rule or a criminal law has been violated

No additional information provided

25
Q

Know what the word diversion means?

A

The process of screening children out of the juvenile system without a decision by the court

No additional information provided

26
Q

Who brings most of the complaints against juveniles, parents, school officials, police, or victims?

A

Police

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27
Q

Public support is strongest for what type of punishment when dealing with delinquent juveniles?

A

Rehabilitation

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28
Q

What is a waiver?

A

Procedure by which the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court.

No additional information provided

29
Q

Know what an intake is?

A

An intake is a hearing where a hearing officer presides and determines whether the alleged facts are sufficient for the juvenile court to take jurisdiction or whether some other action would be in the child’s best interest.

No additional information provided

30
Q

Know what migration is?

A

As juveniles and gangs move from one area to another to commit crimes

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31
Q

Warrant?

A

A court order authorizing polcie officals to take certain actions, used in adult court to arrest offenders

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32
Q

Judgment?

A

The decision that the judge makes after considering the evidence to come to the most sensible conclusion

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33
Q

Know the difference between a delinquent child vs a neglected child vs a dependent child?

A

Delinquent child- A child who has committed an act that if carried out by an adult would be a criminal act Neglected child- A child who is receiving inadequate care because of some inaction or action of his or her parents Dependent child- A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care

No additional information provided

34
Q

Know what PINS is?

A

The acronym for “persons(s) in need of supervision” is a term that designates juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble

No additional information provided

35
Q

What is meant by adjudication?

A

This is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process and can include a hearing to determine if the child is delinquent if they did not confess or the case hasn’t been

No additional information provided

36
Q

What is meant by dependent child?

A

A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents cannot give proper care

Example: A child who has been abandoned by their parents

37
Q

What is PINS an acronym for?

A

Persons(s) in need of supervision

Example: Juveniles who are either status offenders or thought to be on the verge of trouble

38
Q

What is meant by adjudication?

A

The trial stage of the juvenile justice process

Example: A hearing to determine if the child is delinquent if they did not confess or the case hasn’t been waived to adult court

39
Q

What is meant by disposition?

A

A hearing to decide what action should be taken when a juvenile is found to be delinquent

Example: Typically based on the predisposition report and takes into account the best interest of the child

40
Q

When can an offender receive probation?

A

As a type of treatment/punishment

Other options include intermediate sanctions (warning, fine, restitution, community service, withholding judgment), custodial care, institutional programs (education and rehab), aftercare (parole), community treatment (group homes for counseling and structure)

Law (32 decks)

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